ap bio: proteins

functions of proteins?

enzymes, storage, hormones, movement, defending, transport, receptors, structural

enzymatic proteins

selective acceleration of chemical reactions

storage proteins

storage of amino acids

hormonal proteins

coordination of an organism's activities

contractile and motor proteins

movement

defensive proteins

protection against disease

transport proteins

transport of substances

receptor proteins

response of cell to chemical stimuli

structural proteins

to support

how many amino acids are there?

20 amino acids

what is the bond between amino acids?

peptide bonds

protein monomer

amino acid

amino acid

organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group

alpha carbon

the central carbon atom of each amino acid

chemical and physical properties depend on what?

amino acids, which affect polypeptides

nonpolar amino acids

hydrophobic

polar amino acids

hydrophilic

acidic amino acids

negatively charged due to carboxyl group (hydrophilic)

basic amino acids

positively charged due to carboxyl group (hydrophilic)

amino acid polymers

polypeptides

polypeptides

amino acids bonded trhhough dehydrationg, forming a peptide bond

why do proteins spontaneously fold?

due to bonds (like hydrogen, ionic, disulfide bridges)

a proteins function depends on what?

its ability to recognize and bind to other molecules (very specific)

primary structure

the sequence of amino acids

secondary structure

either an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet.

tertiary structure

results from interactions between side chains.

quarternary structure

the protein chains in a closely packed arrangement

what determines protein structure?

conditions like pH, salt concentration, temperature

denaturation

loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor

when is denaturation common?

when proteins are transferred from an aqueous environment to a nonpolar solvent

serious diseases are linked to what?

misfolded proteins