Studied by 104 people
Marbury v. Madison and Hamilton's Financial Program are both on the quiz
the constitution authorizes the president to appoint chiefs of department, although they must be confirmed, or approved, by the senate
Thomas Jefferson- secretary of state
Alexander Hamilton- secretary of the treasury
Henry Knox- secretary of war
Edmund Randolph- attorney general
Jefferson argued that the Constitution did not give Congress the power to create a bank
Hamilton took a broader view of the Constitution, arguing that the document’s “necessary and proper” clause authorized Congress to do whatever was necessary to carry out its enumerated powers
Washington sent John Jay to Britain to talk that country out of its searching and seizing American ships and impressing seamen into the British navy
Jay brought back a treaty in which Britain agreed to evacuate its posts on U.S. western frontier
Nothing about British seizures of American merchant ships
Angered American supporters of France; did maintain Washington’s policy of neutrality
Thomas Pickney negotiated a treaty in which Spain agreed to open the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to American trade
Right of deposit was granted to Americans
Spain further agreed to accept the U.S. claim that Florida’s northern boundary should be at the 31st parallel
Hamilton, to make up the revenue lost because the tariffs were lower than he wanted, persuaded Congress to pass excise taxes, particularly on the sale of whiskey
Rather than paying the tax, rebelling farmers defended their “liberties” by attacking the revenue collectors
Washington responded to this crisis by federalizing 15,000 state militiamen; the show of force caused the Whiskey Rebellion to collapse with almost no bloodshed
groups of legislators commonly formed temporary factions and voted together either for or against a specific policy
Federalist party supported Hamilton and his financial program; strongest in the northeastern states and advocated the growth of federal power
Democratic-Republican party supported Jefferson and tried to elect candidates in different states who opposed Hamilton’s program; strongest in the southern states and on the western frontier and argued for states’ rights
for the next century, future presidents would heed as gospel Washington’s warning against “permanent alliances”
Washington’s decision to leave office after two terms led later presidents to follow his example
Presidents elected to two terms would voluntarily retire even though the Constitution placed no limit on a president’s tenure in office
seeking a peaceful settlement with France, Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate with the French government
Certain French ministers, known only as X, Y, and Z, requested bribes as the basis for entering into negotiations; American delegates refused
Reports of the demand infuriated many Americans, who now clamored for war against France
“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”
Adams resisted the popular sentiment for war
federalists enacted laws to restrict their political opponents
Alien Act- authorized the president to deport aliens considered dangerous and to detain enemy aliens in times of war
Sedition Act- made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize either the president or Congress and imposed fines or imprisonment for editors who violated the law
declared that the states had entered into a “compact” in forming the national government and if any act of the federal government broke the compact, a state could nullify the federal law
Kentucky resolution written by Thomas Jefferson
Virginia resolution written by James Madison
The passing of power in 1801 from one political party to another was accomplished without violence
Jefferson stressed the popular acceptance of the basic principle of constitutional government when he stated “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”
By 1816, Jefferson’s call for unity was realized
More than doubled the size of the U.S., removed a European presence from nation’s borders, extended western frontier to lands beyond the Mississippi
Strengthened Jefferson’s hopes that his country’s future would be based on an agrarian society of independent farmers
Increased Jefferson’s popularity and showed the Federalists to be a weak, sectionalist party
Marshall ruled that Marbury had a right to his commission according to the Judiciary Act of 1789 however, it had given to the court greater power than the Constitution allowed. Therefore, the law was unconstitutional, and Marbury would not receive his commission
By ruling a law of Congress to be unconstitutional, Marshall established the doctrine of judicial review
Supreme Court would exercise the power to decide whether an act of Congress or the president was allowed by the Constitution
Supreme Court could now overrule actions of the other two branches
prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port
backfired and brought greater economic hardships to the U.S. than to Britain
Effects on the U.S. economy were devastating, especially for the merchant marine and shipbuilders of New England
Jefferson called for its repeal in 1809 during the final days of his presidency
Continued violation of U.S. neutral rights at sea
Troubles with the British on the western frontier
a group of new, young Democratic-Republicans mostly from the frontier states
Known as War Hawks because of their eagerness for war against Britain; quickly gained significant influence in the House of Representatives
Argued that war with Britain would be the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier
New England merchants
Federalist politicians
“Old” Democratic-Republicans (Quids)
U.S. gained respect of other nations
U.S. accepted Canada as a part of British Empire
Federalist party came to an end
Precedent was set that would later be used by the South
American Indians were forced to surrender land to white settlement
U.S. factories were built; Americans moved toward industrial self-sufficiency
Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison would soon be in the forefront of a new generation of political leaders
Feeling of nationalism grew stronger
a comprehensive method for advancing the nation’s economic growth consisted of 3 parts:
protective tariffs
national bank
internal improvement
Note 
Flashcard (59)