Dental Term Chapter 15 - Orthodontics

Orthodontia

Stragiht teeth

Centric relationship

Biting on the bath teeth

Neutroclusion

Class I condition in which anteroposterior occlusal positions of the teeth and the mesiodistal positions are normal

Distoclusion

Class II condition in which the mesiobuccal cusp of the first molar is anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

Mesiocclusion

Class III condition in which the molars precede the first interdental space of the first molar’s distal cusp and the second molar’s mesial cusp

Mesioversion

Tooth is positioned more mesial than normal

Distoversion

Tooth is positioned more distal than normal

Labioversion

Anterior tooth positioned outside the arch towards the lips

Buccoversion

Posterior tooth positioned toward the cheek

Linguoversion

Tooth positioned inside the arch toward the tongue

Infraversion

Tooth not fully erupted or into space

Supraversion

Tooth over erupted

Torsoversion

Tooth rotated on its axis

Transversion

Tooth in wrong order

Ectopic

Out of place

Open bite

Anterior teeth do not contact with each other, or no contact exists between the maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth

Overjet

Increased horizontal distances between the incisal edges of maxillary and the labial surfaces

Vertical overbite

Excessive amount of overlap of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors when they are in occlusion

Crossbite

Midsagittal alignment between central incisors not in agreement

Underjet

Maxillary incisors lingual to mandibular incisors

End to end

Edges of maxillary and mandibular incisors meeting each other

Preventative orthodontics

Procedures taken to preserve the integrity of a normal developing occlusion

Myotherapeutic

Muscle healing treatment

Interceptive orthodontics

Procedures taken to lessen the severity of any existing malfunctions or problems from genetic factors

Corrective orthodontics

Procedures taken to eliminate malocclusion

Rotation

Altering the position of a tooth around its long axis

Translation

Bodily tooth movement

Tipping

Change of a tooth position to a more upright direction

Intrusion

Movement of the tooth into the alveolus

Extrusion

Movement of the tooth outside the alveolus

Torque

Movement of the root without the movement of the crown

Banding

Placing a metal band around the entire selective tooth or teeth

Direct bonding

Cementing brackets of stainless steel or gold-plated metal composite, ceramic or with metal centers

Indirect bonding

Placing and cementing brackets to tooth surfaces by means of tray deliver

Invisalign braces

Strong plastic custom trays that are used in mild malocclusion cases

Lingual braces

Braces that are placed on the tongue side of the teeth

Accelerated osteogenic orthodontic treatment

Surgical orthodontic “team” approach that involves placement of an apparatus on the teeth to incise the gingiva and expose the alveolar bone

Adjunctive orthodontics

Biomechanical movement

Enameloplasty

Removal of enamel surface

Open bite

Space between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed

Retrognathia

Receding lower jaw or weak chin

Prognathia

Protruding lower jaw or extending jaw

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Improper TMJ movement

Impression taking

Impressions of both arches and a bite registration are taken

Radiographs

Full mouth series to view tooth conditions

Bands

Stainless steel circles or rings that are sized and cemented around a tooth

Bracket

Metal, ceramic, composite or clear resin holding device used to support and stabilize the arch wire in the mouth

Soldered

Joining of two metals

DB

Direct bonded

Arch wire

Horsehoe-shaped stainless steel or titanium wire that can be many shaped

Buccal tubes

Support devices soldered on bands into which headgear and arch wires are inserted

Button, cleats hooks, eyelets

Devices used for support and holding power devices

Ligature

Stainless steel wires used to tiie on or attach arch wires and any necessary attachments

Elastics

Sized latex circles providing various pull forces or elastometric ties for holding

Auxiliary Springs

Noble metal or stainless steel attachment to apply directional force

Separators

Brass wire, steel springs or elastomeric materials that are placed between the teeth to obtain space before placing the bands

Headgear

Composed of a facebow and traction

Facebow

Stainless steel external archbow device that is inserted into the fixed molar tubes on the maxillary first molars

Traction device

Fitted, expandable device to be hooked onto a facebow after placement on the head

Cervical device

Circles the patient’s neck and attaches to the facebow to pull into a parallel position to retract teeth

High-pull device

Fits on top of the patient’s head and hooks in downward position which is perpendicular to occlusion

Combination of high-pull and cervical devices

Traction combining both forces

Chin device

Placed on the chin

Temporary Anchoring device (TAD)

Titanium alloy miniscrew microplant device inserted into the interproximal bone to supply anchorage and a traction hold point

Class II Correction Devices

Spring bar that clasps onto the buccal brakcet on one end and attaches to the arch wire placement on the other

Aligner

Invisalign system of computer-imaged and computer-generated clear plastic overlay trays used with milder cases of misaligned teeth

Activator

Appliance designed to guide, change or alter facial and jaw functions for a more favorable occlusion position

Hawley appliance

Removable, customized, acrylic and wire appliance designed to maintain newly acquired tooth position that is worn at night and sometimes during the day

Crozat appliance

Removable appliance made of precious alloy with body wires

Lingual arch retainer

Fixed retainer

Orthodontic tooth positioner

Customized mouth tray device constructed of soft acrylic or rubberized material surrounding all the crowns of all the teeth in both jaws

Palatal expanders

known as RPE, cemented to the maxillary molar teeth with a spring insert in the palate area

Fixed space maintainer

Custon-constructed appliance attached to the remaining teeth to hold a tooth pattern or to maintain space

Nightguard

Removable plastic splint worn at night to lessen the harmful effects of patient’s grinding of teeth

Mouth guard

Removable custom-made plastic tooth covering piece worn as protection from trauma while engaged in sport activities

Oral shield

Device that fits into the vestibule space between the teeth and the lips

Dental appliances

Specialized mouth appliances for health disorders

Band remover pliers

Used to remove bands from teeth

Bird-beak pliers

Used to bend and shape appliance wires

Loop-forming pliers

Used to form and shape loops and wires

Howe pliers

Used to make arch wire adjustment

Three-pring pliers

Used to close or adjust clasps

Contouring pliers

Used to contour bands for concave or convex tilt

Ligature-tying pliers

Used to tie or bind off ligature wires and to place elastics

Arch-forming pliers

Used for bending or holding dimensional wires

Stress and tension gauge

Narrow, handheld instrument with claw-like end that is used to guide ligatures

Band seater

Rounded, serrated end it used to seat a band onto a tooth

Ligature tucker

Straight-handled instruemtn with claw-like end that is used to guide ligatures

Bracket tweezers

Reverse-action, small-ended tweezers used to place direct bond brackets

Ligature cutters

Used to cut ligature wire, intraorally or extraorally

Pin and fine wire cutter

Used to cut or snip off ends of tied ligature wires

Weingart utility pliers

Used for placing arch wires

Anterior band slitter

Used to shear upper and lower bands

Distal end cutter

Used to cut, hold arch wire that was inserted into the buccal tube

Band pusher

Used to push and seat bands onto the teeth

Ligature director

used to direct and place ligature wires

Scaler

Hand instrument used to remove excess cement from bands and to direct wires, bands and elastics into placement

DB bracket holder

Used to hold DBs in position during placement

Edgewise pliers

Used to hold or adjust arch wires

Hemostat

Scissor-like clamps, straight and curved which are used to carry small and large objects