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cd or chdir
Command line that displays the name of the current directory or changes the current folder. Using a ".." goes up one directory.
dir
Command line that lists files or directories
md or mkdir + name
Command line that makes a new directory
rd or rmdir
Command line that removes a directory
ipconfig
Command line that shows IP address, subnet mask, default gateway information
ping
Command line that sends a message from one computer to another to check whether it is reachable and active. It tests end-to-end connection.
hostname
Command line that views the name of the device
netstat
Command line that displays current TCP/IP connections
nslookup + url
Command line that looks up information from the DNS server
chkdsk
Command line that provides a status report of the disk
net user
Command line that views user account information
net use
Command line that is used to map a network drive to a drive letter
tracert
A command-line utility used to follow the path a packet takes between two hosts. It performs a series of ICMP echo requests to determine which device in the connection path is not responding appropriately.
format
Command line that formats a disk for use with Windows.
xcopy
Command in the command-line interface used to copy multiple directories at once, which the copy command could not do.
copy + original file + new file
Command line that copies a file
robocopy
Powerful command-line utility for copying files and directories, even over a network. Robust copy.
del + name of file
Command line that deletes a file
gpupdate
Windows command for making immediate group policy changes in an individual system.
gpresult
The Windows command to find out group policies that are currently applied to a system for the computer or user. It is used to display the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) information for a remote user and computer.
DISM (Deployment Image Servicing and Management)
The _ is a command-line tool used to mount and service Windows images before deployment. This command with the /RestoreHealth option can run a scan to identify and repair any image or virtual hard drive corruption.
shutdown
Command line that shuts down or restarts computer, has the option for a time delay
sfc
The System File Checker command is used to verify and repair system files.
diskpart
A Windows command to manage hard drives, partitions, and volumes.
pathping
A Windows utility that combines the functionality of the tracert and ping utilities to provide deeper information about network issues along a route; similar to UNIX's mtr command.
winver
Command line prompt to see what version of Windows you're running
msinfo32.exe
If you need to find the model and speed of the installed processor and hard drive and the amount of memory installed, what utility should you open? What command can be used to launch the System Information window?
mmc.exe
-Microsoft Management Console
Can build your own management framework
Choose from list of available "snap-ins"
Framework used for many built-in management tools
Located under C:\Windows\System32
Can also open through the cmd line or Run cmd
eventvwr.msc
Open Event Viewer
diskmgmt.msc
A Windows Command Prompt command used for launching a GUI system utility for managing HDDs
taskschd.msc
Task Scheduler
devmgmt.msc
opens device manager from runline
certmgr.msc
Certificates snap-in for MMC that provides access to the certificate store
lusrmgr.msc
What is the command to launch the Local Users and Groups Manager console?
perfmon.msc
The program file for the Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor console.
gpedit.msc
group policy snap in
resmon.exe
_ stands for Resource Monitor; it is a monitoring feature to monitor the activities of your CPU, RAM, etc. _ provides you with more of a quick summary.
msconfig.exe
System Configuration tool: designed to configure and troubleshoot the Windows start up process. It is used to disable or re-enable software, device drivers, and Windows services that run at startup, or to change boot parameters.
cleanmgr.exe
Windows disk cleanup utility
dfrgui.exe
Disk Defragmenter application:
Arranges stored data on a disk into contiguous blocks (defragmentation). Because individual files are stored on disks in multiple separate blocks, the used and empty storage areas on a disk can become fragmented and scattered.
regedit.exe
-The Windows Registry edit command
The big huge master database
Hierarchical structure
Use to configure different parts in Windows
Use to configure different applications in Windows
Used by almost everything in Windows: Kernel Drivers, Device Drivers, Services, Security Account Manager( SAM), User Interface, Applications, UI.
128GB
RAM support limitation for Windows Home
2TB
RAM support limitation for Windows Pro
6TB
RAM support limitation for Windows Pro for Workstations
6TB
RAM support limitation for Windows Enterprise
NTFS (New Technology File System)
A file system used on Windows-based systems. It is more efficient and provides much more security than do FAT-based file systems. Supports file compression, encryption, large files, recoverability. Very Windows-specific; many other OSes cannot write to it.
FAT32 (File Allocation Table)
A file system that was popular in earlier versions of Windows (such as Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT, and Windows 2000). The limitations of it make it less desirable than NTFS. Volume size up to 2tb and max file size 4gb.
exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table)
A 64-bit version of the file allocation table file system designed for use on large USB flash drives. Can be used on Windows, Linux, and Mac.
ext3
The Linux file system that was the first to support journaling, which is a technique that tracks and stores changes to the hard drive and helps prevent file system corruption.
APFS (Apple File System)
In macOS, the default file system for SSDs; it can also be used for magnetic hard drives. It uses the GUID partitioning system. Supports data integrity and encryption.
2TB
Maximum partition size for MBR
9 billion TB
Maximum partition size for Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT)?
DMG file
In Mac OS X, a disk image file similar to WIM or ISO files in Windows.
PKG file
Installer package in Mac OS, like an exe in windows
APP file
Can right click and view package contents, and can also delete the whole program by simply deleting this type of Mac OS file extension
Finder
Mac OS X's file and folder browser.
ls
List directory. Linux equivalent of the dir command, which displays the contents of a directory. + -L is the longer view.
pwd
Print working directory. A Linux command displaying an absolute path to (i.e. full filename of) the current working directory is called:
vi
The _ (visual) utility is a popular screen-oriented text editor in Linux, Unix, and other Unix-like operating systems. When using it, the terminal screen acts as a window into the editing buffer. Changes made to the editing buffer shall be reflected in the screen display, and the position of the cursor on the screen will indicate the position within the editing buffer.
mv
Linux command that renames a file - command + SOURCE + DESTINATION.
cp
Linux command that copies a file - command SOURCE DEST
rm
Linux command for deleting files
chown
Linux command used to change the owner and the group to which a file or folder is associated. Must use sudo command before.
chmod
A Linux command that is used to modify permissions for files. r-read w-write x-execute (rwx). Permissions file binary in the chart. Uses 3 numbers to represent rwx. Must use sudo command before. User/group/others.
sudo
Linux command to execute a specific function as a super user
apt-get
Linux command for installing or updating a program using the advanced packaging tool.
grep (Global Regular Expression Print)
Linux command to search through text files or command outputs to find specific information or to filter out unneeded information. Find a piece of text in a file: command + word + file
ip
linux command to view internet protocol information. Command + address - view interface IP. Command + route - view IP routing table.
df
Linux command that views file systems and storage space. Suffix -h gives you human readable amounts.
ps
Linux command like windows task manager that views processes. -e suffix views all processes.
man
Linux command that comes before the other command to access the manual for the following command. Like the help key in Windows.
top
Linux command that is like a task manager which shows percentages of resources consumed.
find
Linux command that searches this set of folders for txt files. Command -name ".txt"
dig
A Linux command-line alternative to Nslookup, looks up info from DNS servers
cat
Linux command for concatenate - prints what is listed in two or more files. I.e. command + file1.txt file2.txt - prints out both files contents.
nano
Linux command which begins the full screen text editor. type "command + filename" to enter the text editor on a specific file.
tar
Linux command for Tape ARchiver - helps create, extract, and list archive contents.
WPA2
wireless network encryption protocol invented in 2004 that uses CCMP block cipher. Uses AES encryption, but the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) can be brute forced in a couple days. Four way handshake.
WPA3
wireless network encryption protocol invented in 2018 that uses Galois/Counter Mode Protocol. Uses AES as well as the Galois Message Authentication Code. Creates a session key without sending the shared key over the network via the use of simultaneous authentication of equals and the diffie-Hellman equation. Dragonfly handshake.
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
Deprecated encryption standard that provided a new encryption key for every sent packet.
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
A strong symmetric block cipher that encrypts data in 128-bit blocks. It can use key sizes of 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits.
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
Deprecated key encryption technique for wireless networks that uses keys both to authenticate network clients and to encrypt data in transit.
safe mode, system restore, last known good
3 troubleshooting steps for windows stop error / blue screen of death due to software?
reseat, run hardware diagnostics
2 troubleshooting steps for windows stop error / blue screen of death due to hardware?
task manager, update, disk space, power saving mode, malware
5 troubleshooting steps for sluggish performance.
Remove USBs, Startup repair, Windows Boot Configuration Database
How to troubleshoot an error involving an operating system not being found, otherwise known as a boot error (3 steps)?
Start up repair, manually replace bootloader
How to troubleshoot a missing boot loader in Windows?
replace driver
How to troubleshoot a device that is not starting
start service manually, check account permissions, service dependencies, check system files, or reinstall application
How to troubleshoot "one or more services failed to start"
event log, reliability monitor, reinstall application
How to troubleshoot an application that stops working
Move the USB to another port
What to do when you receive the error "the USB controller does not have enough resources for this device"?
full diagnostic, hardware diagnostics, SFC (system file checker)
How to troubleshoot a general system failure like system hangs and software errors?
check network latency to domain controller (may be pulling user policies and login scripts from a remote domain controller over the slower wide area network)
How to fix a slow profile load in a Windows Enterprise environment (like a corporate environment).
Restart in task manager
What do you do if a Windows background service begins to fail, like a crash or memory leak?
SFC (system file checker, sfc /scannow)
What command do you run to verify the integrity of the core operating system files?
troubleshoot>advanced options>startup repair
How to fix when Windows will not boot - what options to click in order to repair the Windows startup process (3 steps)?
disable browser notifications, scan for malware
What are two things you should do if you keep getting browser push notifications or desktop alerts like pretending to be an out-of-date antivirus issue?
investigate and verify malware symptoms
step 1 for best practice of malware removal
quarantine infected systems
step 2 for best practice of malware removal
Disable system restore (in windows)
step 3 for best practice of malware removal