CHEM 220 Final

direction in which acid and base reaction goes

towards weaker acid and weaker base

do amides and aldehydes react?

yes but into something we havent learned in class

Stereoisomer

atoms where swapping 2 groups gives a new molecule. Cis-trans is possible

How many stereoisomers does glucose have

16

When the OH group is on the right of the fisher projection

The OH points down on the haworth projection

When the OH group is on the left of the fisher projection

the OH points up on the haworth projection

oxidation of aldehyde

aldonic acid, where the aldehyde becomes a carboxylic acid

oxidation of aldehyde + terminal alcohol

aldaric acid. both ends are carboxylic acids

oxidation of terminal alcohol only

alduronic acid. aldehyde stays the same while terminal alcohol becomes a carboxylic acid

reduction of aldehyde

top aldehyde becomes a terminal alcohol. bottom terminal alcohol stays the same

Maltose

2 glucose units.

lactose

galactose and glucose

what does a galactose look like

glucose but carbon 4 is on the right, not the left in the fisher projection

fructose

it is a ketopentase not a aldohexase

sucrose

glucose + fructose

why does sucrose not reduce?

aldehydes are not present in the solution to undergo oxidation