Từ vựng IELTS cơ bản

Analysis

(n). /ə'næləsis/ sự phân tích

At the meeting they presented a detailed analysis of twelve schools.

• analyse / • analyze

• analyst

• analytic = isolating

• analytical

• analytically

Approach

v., n. /ə'proutʃ/ đến gần, lại gần; sự đến gần, sự lại gần

What's the best way of approaching this problem?

• approachable / • unapproachable

Area

/ˈeə.ri.ə/: (n) khu vực, Phạm vi hiểu biết, chuyên môn

Software is not really my area of expertise

Assume

v. /ə'sju:m/ cho rằng

Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.

• assumed

• assuming

• assumption

Authority

n. /ɔ:'θɔriti/ Chuyên gia

She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature

• authoritative

• authoritatively

Available

(adj) /ə'veiləbl/ có thể dùng được, có thể mua đc

The new drug is not yet available to the public.

When will the information be made available?

We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available.

• availability

• unavailability

• unavailable

Benefit

n., v. /'benifit/ lợi thế, lợi ích; giúp ích, làm lợi cho

He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer.

I had the benefit of a good education

• beneficial

• beneficiary

Concept

n. /ˈkɒnsept/ khái niệm

He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics

Concepts such as 'civilization' and 'government'

• conception

• conceptual

• conceptualize

• conceptually

Consist

(v): Include: gồm có, bao gồm

A dessert consisting of fruit and cream (chứa đựng)

The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings. (chính)

• consistency / • inconsistency

• consistent / • inconsistent

• consistently / • inconsistently

Constitute

(v) (~establish, set up) cấu thành, tạo thành/thiết lập, thành lập

The committee was constituted in 1974 by an Act of Parliament

• constituency

• constituent

• constitution

• constitutional / • unconstitutional

• constitutionally / • unconstitutionally

• constitutive

Context

n. /'kɔntekst/ văn cảnh, khung cảnh, trong hoàn cảnh

This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.

His decision can only be understood in context.

• contextual

• contextualization

• contextualize

• contextually

Contract

n., v. /'kɔntrækt/ hợp đồng, sự ký hợp đồng; ký kết

• contractor

Create

(v) /kri:'eit/ sáng tạo, tạo nên

Create: To ra, gây nên

The snow created further problems

Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.

The government plans to create more jobs for young people.

• creation / • recreation

• creative

• creatively

• creativity

• creator

• recreate

Data

n. /´deitə/ số liệu, dữ liệu

Define

(v) /di'fain/ chắc chắn

I've heard rumours, but nothing definite

Your duties are clearly defined in the contract.

Can you define what it means to be an American?

• definable

• definition

• redefine

• redefinition

• undefined

Derive

v. /di´raiv/ nhận được từ, lấy được từ; xuất phát từ, bắt nguồn, chuyển hóa từ (from)

The name derives from Latin.

The word 'politics' is derived from a Greek word meaning 'city

He derived great pleasure from painting

• derivation

• derivative

Distribute

v. /dis'tribju:t/ phân bổ, phân phối, sắp xếp, phân loại

The organization distrib

• distribution

• distributional

• distributive

• distributor

• redistribute

• redistribution

• redistributive

Economic

adj. /¸i:kə´nɔmik/ (thuộc) Kinh tế

The economy is in recession

• economical

• economically

• economics

• economist

• economy

• uneconomic

• uneconomical

Environment

n. /in'vaiərənmənt/ môi trường, hoàn cảnh xung quanh

An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour

• environmental

• environmentalism

• environmentalist

• environmentally

Establish

v. /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ lập, thành lập

The committee was established in 1912

Let's establish some ground rules.

• established / • disestablish

• establishment / • disestablishment

Estimate

n., v. /'estimit - 'estimeit/ sự ước lượng, đánh giá; ước lượng, đánh giá

I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need

Official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade

• estimation

• overestimate

• overestimation

• underestimate

Evident

(adj) hiển nhiên, rõ ràng (~obvious)

It was evident from his voice that he was upset.

The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses.

• evidence

• evidential

• evidently

Export

v., n. /iks´pɔ:t/ xuất khẩu; hàng xuất khẩu, sự xuất khẩu

90% of the e

• exporter

Factor

n. /'fæktə / nhân tố

The result will depend on a number of different factors

Finance

n., /fɪˈnæns , ˈfaɪnæns/ tài chính

Finance for education comes from taxpayers

• financial

• financially

• financier

Formula

n. /'fɔ:mjulə/ công thức, thể thức, cách thức

• formulate / • reformulate

• formulation / • reformulation

Function

(n.,) chức năng;

The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body

• functional

• functionally

Identify

v. /ai'dentifai/ nhận biết, nhận ra, nhận dạng

She was able to identify her attacker

Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not say who they were).

The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver.

• identifiable

• identification

Income

/ˈɪn.kʌm/ noun [C or U] : Thu nhập

They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services

Indicate: (~show, point) Chỉ ra, biểu lộ

The signpost indicated the right road for us to follow

Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.

•indication

•indicative

•indicator (=blinker)

Invidual

: Riêng rẻ, riêng biệt

We interviewed each individualmember of the community

•individualism

•individualist

•individualistic

•individuality

•individually

Indicate

v. /ˈɪn.dɪ.keɪt/ (~show, point) Chỉ ra, biểu lộ

The signpost indicated the right road for us to follow

Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.

•indication •indicative •indicator (=blinker)

Interpret

(v) giải thích.

The students were asked to interpret the poem

•interpretable •interpretation •interpretative

•interpretive •misinterpret •misinterpretation •reinterpret •reinterpretation

Involve

v. /ɪnˈvɒlv/ bao gồm, bao hàm; thu hút, dồn tâm trí

The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.

The job involves my travelling all over the country.

Many of the crimes involved drugs

•involved

•involvement

• uninvolved

Issue

(n, v) sự phát ra, sự phát sinh; phát hành, đưa ra

This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it

Labour

(n) lao động; công việc

The company wants to keep down labour costs

•labor

Legal

adj. /ˈligəl/ hợp pháp

They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts

•legality •legally •illegal •illegality •illegally

Legislate

v .làm luật, lập pháp

The government will legislate against discrimination in the workplace

•legislation •legislative •legislator •legislature

Major

adj. /ˈmeɪdʒər/ lớn, nhiều hơn, trọng đại, chủ yếu = most of/most = serious = huge >big

We have encountered major problems

•majority

Method

n. /'meθəd/ phương pháp, cách thức

A new method of solving the problem

•methodical •methodically •methodological

•methodologically •methodology

Occur

v. /ə'kə:/ xảy ra, xảy đến, xuất hiện (~happen)

Something unexpected occurred

According to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12.30 a.m.

•occurrence

•reoccur

Per cent

n., adj., adv. phần trăm

Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on food

•percentage

Period

n. /'piəriəd/ kỳ, thời kỳ, thời gian; thời đại

The factory will be closed down over a 2-year period/a period of two years

•periodic •periodical •periodically

Policy

n. /'pol.ə si/ chính sách

They have had a significant change in policyon paternity leave

principle

n. /ˈprɪnsəpəl/ cơ bản, chủ yếu; nguyên lý, nguyên tắc

I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles.

Stick to your principlesand tell him you won't do it.

•principled

•unprincipled

Proceed

v. /proceed/ tiến lên, theo duổi, tiếp diễn = continue = go on = tiếp tục = tiến hành = tiến trình

We're not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale

She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing trip.

He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explainthem in more detail.

Work is proceeding slowly.

•procedural •procedure •proceeding •proceeds

Process

(n) quá trình; (v) xử lý theo tiến trình

We're in the process ofselling our house

•processing

Require

(v) yêu cầu, đòi hỏi

what do you require of me?

True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty.

Lentils do not require soaking before cooking. (ðậu không cần ngâm...)

•requirement

Research

(n.v) sự nghiên cứu

To research into the causes of cancer

I've done some researchto find out the cheapest way of travelling there

•researcher

Respond

(v) trả lời, đáp ứng, phản ứng lạ

When asked about the company's future, the directorresponded that he remained

optimistic

•respondent •response •responsive •responsively

•responsiveness •unresponsive

Role

n. /roul/ vai (diễn), vai trò

It is one of the greatest roles she has played

The role of the teacher in the classroom

This part of the brain plays animportant role inlearning

Section

n. /'sekʃn/ mục, phần

The library has a large biology section

Sector

(n) khu vực, lĩnh vực ( = area, zone)

the manufacturing sector

Significant

(adj) nhiều ý nghĩa, quan trọng

It is significant thatgirls generally do better in examinations than boys

There are no significant differences between the two groups of students.

Your work has shown a significant improvement.

•significance •significantly •signify

•insignificance •insignificant •insignificantly

Similar

(adj) giống như, tương tự như

My teaching style is similar tothat of most other teachers.

The two houses are similar insize

The brothers look very similar.

•similarity

•similarly

Specific

(adj).đặc điểm, đặc trưng, đặc thù

I gave you specific instructions

'I'd like your help tomorrow.' 'Can you be more specific'?

A specific purpose/reason

Could we arrange a specific time to meet?

Structure

(n) kết cấu, cấu trúc

The grammatical structures of a language

•structural •structurally •restructuring

•restructure•unstructured

Theory

(n) lý thuyết, học thuyết

I have this theory that most people prefer being atwork to being at home

•theoretical •theoretically

•theoretician •theorist

Vary

v. /'veəri/ thay đổi, làm cho khác nhau, biến đổi

The menu varies with the season

Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.

What time do you start work?' 'It varies.'

The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week

•variability •variable •variably •variance •variant

•variation •varied •invariable •invariably

Adjacent

adj. next to (ngay cạnh, liền kề)

.The fire started in an adjacent building.

.They live in a house adjacent to the railway.

.The planes landed on adjacent runways.

Albeit

(conj)mặc dù, dù, dẫu /mặc dù, dù, dẫu (~although)

.He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us. (...dù min cưng...)

.He tried, albeit without success.

Assembly

n.hội đồng, cuộc họp

the national assembly: quốc hội

.The california assembly

.The UN general assembly

.The national assembly has voted to adopt the budget

.assemble

collapse

v., n. /kз'læps/ đổ, sụp đổ; sự đổ nát, sự sụp đổ(- fail: thất bại-suddenly and completely)

.

All opposition to the plan has collapsed

.collapsible

colleague

(n) bạn đồng nghiệp

.A colleague of mine from the office

.We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years

.The Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues

compile

v./kəm'pail/ biên soạn, sưu tập tài liệu

.We are trying to compile a list of suitable people for the job

.The album was compile from live recording from last year 's tour

.Complication

Conceive

v. Tưởng tượng, thai nghén trong đầu óc

.He conceived the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre. God is often conceived of as male.

.I cannot conceive (= I do not believe) (that) he would wish to harm us. I cannot conceive what it must be like.

•conceivable / •inconceivable •conceivably

•inconceivably

Convince

v. (~persuade) Thuyết phục, làm cho ai đó tin tưởng

.Convince somebody/yourself (that)... I'd convinced myself (that) I was right. I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.

.I hope this will convince you to change your mind.

.Convince somebody/yourself (of something) You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.

•convinced / •unconvinced •convincing

•convincingly

Depression

n. Tuyệt vọng, trầm cảm

.I was overwhelmed (choáng ngợp) by feelings of depression.

.There was a feeling of gloom (ảm ñạm) and depression in the office when the news of the job cuts was announced.

•depress

•depressed •depressing

•depressingly

Encounter

v.(~meet with, run into ) Chạm trán

.We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week. I had never encountered such resistance before.

Enormous

adj. (~ huge, immense) Khổng lồ, to lớn

.The problems facing the President are enormous. He earns an enormous salary.

.I was absolutely enormous when I was pregnant. You've been an enormous help.

•enormity

•enormously

Forthcoming

adj. Sắp tới

.We have just received the information about the forthcoming conference. The forthcoming elections

.The band's forthcoming UK tour

Inclination

n. Sự nghiêng, khuynh hướng

.He did not show the slightest inclination to leave. She showed little inclination to leave.

.My natural inclination is to find a compromise.

.She had neither the time nor the inclination to help them. He was a loner by nature and by inclination.

.You must follow your own inclinations when choosing a career. •incline

•inclined

, sự nghiêng, khuynh hướng

Integrity

n. Chính trực, liêm chính

.A man of great integrity

intrinsic

adj.(thuộc) bản chất, thực chất, bên trong

.Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum. the intrinsic value of education

(intrinsically = thực chất) •intrinsically

Invoke

v. Dẫn chứng (luật, quy tắc...)

.The President may invoke federal law to stop the strike. (...luật liên bang...cuộc đình công)

Levy

v. Thu (thuế), đánh (thuế) (~officially) To put/impose a levy on oil imports

.A new tax was levied on consumers of luxury goods.

Likewise

adv. Cũng vậy, tương tự như vậy

.He voted for the change and he expected his colleagues to do likewise. Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.

.He voted for the change and he expected his colleagues to do likewise. Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.

Nonetheless

adv.(nevertheless, however) tuy nhiên, dù sao

.The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.

.There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time ti return.

.The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon

Notwithstanding

(prep)( in spite of; although) , tuy nhiên

.Notwithstanding some major finacial problems, the school has had a successful year.

.Notwithstanding some members' objections, i think we must go ahead with the plan.

.The bad weather notwithstanding, the event was a great success.

Injuries notwithstanding, he won the semi-final match.

Odds

n. lợi thế

.The odds are very much in our favour(= we are likely to succeed)

.The odds are heavily against him(= he is not likely to succeed)

.The odds are that (=it is likely that) she'll win.

.What are the odds(= how likely is it) he won't turn up?

.odd

.oddness

Ongoing

adj. đang xảy ra, đang diễn ra

.The police investigation is ongoing.

.Training is part of our ongoing career development program

.An ongoing process/ investigation

.An ongoing debate/ discussion/ process

Panel

(n) người trong nhóm tham gia hội thảo

. paneling

.An advisory panela panel of experts

.We have two politicians on tonight's panel

.A panel of experts

Persist

(v)bền bỉ, cố chấp /bền bỉ, cố chấp (insist on)

.She persistedd in her search for the truth

.He persisted with his questioning

. pesistence

.persistent

. pesistently

Pose

(v, n) đưa ra, đề ra, đặt; sự đặt, đề ra

. A lot of these chemical pose very real

.To pose a threat/ challenge/danger/ risk

. The task poses no special problem

Reluctant

(a):miễn cưỡng,bất đắc dĩ

.Reluctant agreement

.He finally gave a reluctant smile.

.A reluctant hero (= a person who does not want to be called a hero)

.It was with great reluctance that she took early retirement.

.I was having such a good time I was reluctant to leave.

.Many parents feel reluctant to talk openly with their children.

.She persuaded her reluctant husband to take a trip to Florida with her.

(She reluctantly agreed to step down as managing director)

• reluctance

• reluctant

• reluctantly

So-called

adj. cái gọi là.

.The opinion of a so-called 'expert'

.How have these so-called improvements helped the local community?

.It was one of his so-called friends who supplied him with the drugs that killed him.

Straightforward

n. Thành thật, thẳng thắn

.A straightforward process

.It's quite straightforward to get here.

.The task looked fairly straightforward.

.The task looked fairly straightforward.

• straightforward

• straightforwardly

• straightforwardness

Undergo

(v) trải qua, chịu, bị

to undergo a great change: bị thay đổi lớn

to undergo hard trials: chịu đựng những thử thách gay go

.My mother underwent major surgery last year.

.Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers.

.The country is currently undergoing major political change.

.He is undergoing surgery for a heart problem.

Whereby

(adv) by which; because of which: bởi vì, nhờ đó m

.They've introduced a system whereby people share cars.

whereby shall we know him?

.They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.

Accommodation

n. /ə,kɔmə'deiʃn/ Chỗ trọ, chỗ ở, chỗ làm

The price includes travel and accommodation.

Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.

The building plans include much needed new office accommodation.

First-class accommodation is available on all flights.

•accommodate

Analogy

(n)sự tương tự, giống nhau /sự tương tự, giống nhau

She draws an analogy betweenlife's events and a game of chance.

There are no analogies with any previous legal cases.

•analogous

Anticipate

Mong đợi, chờ đợi

to anticipate somebody's wishes: đoán trước được ý muốn của ai

Our anticipated arrival time is 8.30.

They anticipate moving to bigger premises by the end of the year

I don't anticipate it being a problem.

It is anticipated that inflation will stabilize at 3%.

· anticipation

· anticipatory

· unanticipated

Assure (ə'ʃuə/)

Quả quyết, cam đoan

She assured them that she would be all right.

She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.

I won't let you down, I can assure you of that.

· assurance

· assured

· assuredly

· self-assurance

· self-assured

Attain

( ~ get ) : đạt được, đạt tới

She's attained a high level of fitness.

Most of our students attained five 'A' grades in their exams.

· attainable

· attainment

· unattainable

Behalf (n)

Thay mặt cho, nhân danh

On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.

Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.

Bulk (/bʌlk/)

Số lượng lớn

It's cheaper to buy in bulk.

He spends the bulk of his money on rent.

· bulky

Cease

( ~ stop ) : Ngừng, ngớt, thôi

to cease form work: ngừng việc

cease fire: ngừng bắn

You never cease to amaze me!

They voted to cease strike action immediately.

The company ceased trading in June.

[+ doing sth] He ordered his men to cease firing.

[+ to do sth] Her behaviour never ceases to amaze me.

· ceaseless

· ceaselessly

Coherent

Mạch lạc, chặt chẽ

A coherent policy for the transport system

· coherence

· coherently

· incoherence

· incoherent

· incoherently

Coincide

Trùng, trùng khớp, xảy ra đồng thời

The band's American tour coincided with the release of their second album.

It's a pity our trips to New York don't coincide.

The interests of employers and employees do not always coincide.

(coincide with something): Her story coincided exactly with her brother's.

· coincidence

· coincident

· coincidental

· coincidentally

Commence

(~begin, start ) Bắt đầu, khởi đầu

commence with something The day commenced with a welcome from the

principal.

commence something She commenced her medical career in 1956.

commence doing something We commence building next week.

commence to do something Operators commenced to build pipelines in 1862.

· commencement