F+E: SIADH vs DI

ADH role:

stored in the pituitary gland and released when the body experiences a decrease in blood volume

SIADH:

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

SIADH role with ADH:

Too much ADH is released = kidneys retain excess water

Causes of SIADH:

1. disorders of the brain (injury, tumor, infection)

2. brain surgery in hypothalamus region

3. lung disease

4. sepsis

Symptoms of SIADH:

Soaked Inside

• low urination: body is holding water

• sticky, thick, urine: urine concentrated = high specific gravity >1.030

• Swollen inside: hypoosmality + hyponatremia

• Seizures

• Severely high BP

Treatments of SIADH:

1. Fluid restriction

2. Loop diuretics

3. Correct sodium deficit (give hypertonic IV: will treat SIADH by replenishing sodium 

4. Daily weights

5. Seizure precautions: watch for headache, confusion, lethargy

DI:

Diabetes Insipidus

DI role with ADH:

Not enough ADH to release = kidneys cannot save water

Cause of DI:

1. Damage to hypothalamus (radiation or surgery)

2. Disorders of the brain ( brain injury = ^ICP = pressure on pituitary gland

3. Lung disease

Symptoms of DI:

Dry Inside

• Polyuria- body is releasing too much water = ^ urine output

• Diluted urine = low specific gravity <1.005

• Dry Inside: hyperosmality + hypernatremia

• Dry skin/ mucous membranes = thirsty

• Decreased BP 

Treatments for DI:

1. Desmopressin=^ fluid in body

2. Encourage fluids

3. IV fluids (NS) slowly

4. Watch for seizures

5. Daily weights