intro to inorganic chem

Define inorganic chem and what’s its importance in life? What other chem branches does it link to?

It deals with the study or inorganic and organometallic compounds and focused on properties and behaviours of them. Its the chemistry that isn’t carbon bases/ study of materials not carbon based.

Importance in life:

• essential for various biological processes

• Enables development of new materials

• Crucial for energy production

Links to:

• organic

• Physical

• Biological

• Analytical

What are the applications of inorganic chemistry in chemical industry? What other applications does it have e.g drugs, diagnostic tools?

Chemical industry: catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coating, pharmaceuticals, fuels, agriculture

• used in development of metal based drugs such as anticancer agents (cisplatin) rheumatoid arthritis treatments e.g gold compounds

• Diagnostic tools like radio-pharmaceuticals. Key role in drug formulation inc. excipients, pH regulations e.g antacids

• Application in chelation therapy to remove toxic metals from body

Whats an atom?

• matter is anything that takes up space and has mas

• All matter made of atoms

• Atoms are building blocks of matter

What are the sub atomic particles in atomic structure?

Protons - have positive charge and contribute to atoms mass

Neutrons - have no charge (neutral) and contribute to atoms mass

Electrons - negatively charged particles. Have very small mass compared to protons and neutrons

Label the parts

How does atomic size change down the group?

Atomic size increases down group as adding energy levels

Whats atomic radius, ionisation energy, electronegativity, electron affinity, metallic character?

• atomic radius = size of atom changes across periods and down group

• Ionisation energy = energy required to remove e- from gaseous atom

• Electronegativity = atoms ability to attract e- in chemical bond

• Electron affinity = energy change when e- added to neutral atom

• Metallic character = tendency of element to lose e- and form positive ions

What happens as you go across the period L-R?

Ionisation energy increase

Electron affinity increases

Non metallic character increases

What happens as you go down the group?

Atomic radius decreases

What happens as you go up group?

Ionisation energy increase

Electron affinity increases

What happens as you go across period R-L?

Atomic radius increase

Metallic character increase

Name what each group is called in period table

1. Alkali metals

2. Alkaline earth metals

3-12 transition metal

5 - pnictogens

6 - chalcogens

7- halogens - high electronegativity good e- acceptor

8 - noble gases -inert

Bottom 2: lanthanides then actinides

What are the 2 orbitals?

Whats ionic bonding? Give example and how it works in NaCl

Between atom of metal and non metal w/ different electronegative

Bond formed by transfer of e-

Examples: NaCl, CaCl2, K2O

Bonding in NaCl - involves Na e- transfer to Cl, causes charge imbalance in each atom, na becomes Na+ and Cl becomes Cl- charges particle or ion

What’s covalent bonding? Examples? Describe in Cl2

Between non metallic elements of similar electronegativity

Formed by sharing e- pairs

Eg. O2, CO2, C2H6, H2O, SiC

Bonding in Cl2: octet (max 8e-) achieved by each atom sharing e- pair in middle

Whats a transition metal? Are all D block elements transition metals?

Also called D block elements - its elements with a partially filled d orbital

However not all D block elements are transition metals as some metals have a full d orbital

Characteristic properties of transition metals

• variable oxidation states

• Formation of complex ions

• Catalytic behaviour

• Magnetic properties

• Coloured complexes - colour based on vacancy of d orbital

Uses of transition metals

• iron for steel

• Copper for wiring and pipes

• Titanium for paint

• Silver for photographic paper

• Platinum for catalysts

Transition metal applications - drugs, diagnosis, materials?

• metal based drugs - used to develop therapies for cancer, interactions and neurological disorders. Platinum complexes such as cisplatin for anticancer treatment

• Diagnostic imaging -applied in contrast agents and radio pharmaceuticals - MRI contrast agents

• Drug delivery - serve as barriers to enhance targeted delivery of therapeutics

• Materials science application - important in detail implants and tissue engineering

Unique properties - ability to form stable bonds w/ biomolecules. Enable targeted interaction, diverse mechanism of action ad customisable drug design

Clinical application of cisplatin in cancer therapy. How’s its dna unique? What cancers does it treat?

• cisplatin discovered in 1960s and approved for clinical use in 1970

• One of Most widely used platinum based chemotherapeutic agents

• Unique DNA damaging mechanism makes it cornerstone in cancer therapy

• Effectively treated solid tumours

• Despite newer agents being developed, cisplatin remained essential in oncology

• Continues to be included in standard of care protocols recommended by major oncology guidelines

Cancer research use platinum metallodrugs and it leads to apoptosis in cancer cells