Chemistry T2A: Kinetic particle theory

State the kinetic particle theory

- All matter is made up of tiny particles

- Particles are in constant, random motion

- Moving particles have kinetic energy

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids

- Very closely packed together in an orderly arrangement

- Vibrate and rotate around fixed positions

Describe and explain the shape of solids

- Solids have fixed shapes

- Particles are held in fixed positions in an orderly manner

- Strong forces of attraction between particles

Describe and explain the volume of solids

- Solids have fixed volumes

- Particles and closely packed with no spaces in between

- Cannot be compressed

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a liquid

- Closely packed together in a disorderly arrangement

- Slide over on another

Describe and explain the shape of liquids

- Liquids have do not have fixed shapes

- Particles are arranged in a disorderly manner and can move freely by sliding over one another

Describe and explain the volume of liquids

- Liquids have fixed volumes

- Particles are closely packed with no spaces in between

- Cannot be compressed

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles of gases

- Very far apart in a disorderly arrangement

- Moves randomly at hight speeds

Describe and explain the shape of gases

- Gases do not have fixed shapes

- Particles are arranged in a disorderly and can move randomly at high speeds

Describe and explain the volume of gases

- Gases do not have fixed volumes

- Particles are far apart with large spaces in between

- Can compressed

Define sublimation

Process where a substance changes directly from solid to gas, without first turning into a liquid

Define deposition

Process where a substance changes directly from gas to solid, without first turning into a liquid

State 4 examples of substances that can sublime

- Dry ice

- Mothballs

- Iodine

- Naphthalene

State the differences between evaporation and boiling

Evaporation occurs that the surface if a liquid; Boiling occurs throughout the liquid

Evaporation occurs at any temperature below boiling; Boiling only occurs at boiling point

Evaporation occurs slowly; Boiling occurs rapidly

Describe the process if evaporation in terms of the kinetic particle theory

Particles at the surface gain enough energy to overcome attractive forces and break free from neighboring particles

Explain why bubbling is observed during boiling

Due to gas escaping from the liquid