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What is the sugar in DNA?
deoxiribose
What is the sugar in RNA?
ribose
How many strands does DNA have?
2 strands
How many strands does RNA have?
1 strand
What is the base for DNA?
ATGC
What is the base for RNA?
AUGC
What is the process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules?
transcription
What sequence in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template?
bases
In eukaryotes, where is RNA formed and where does it travel?
nucleus, and cytoplasm
What binds DNA during transcription?
RNA polymers
Polypeptide:
chain of linked amino acids
Genetic code:
a four-letter code made up of the DNA nitrogen bases A, T, G and C; each chromosome is made up of thousands of these bases
Codon:
in RNA, a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid.
What acts like a "start" and "stop" signal for protein synthesis?
a codon
Translation:
the process of decoding of an mRNA message into a protein
Anticodon
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.
Gene expression:
the way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells
Genes:
the instructions for assembling proteins
The central dogma of molecular biology is that information is transferred from ?
DNA to RNA to protein
All organisms are mostly the same in?
the molecular biology of their genes
What bonds hold the bases of DNA molecules together?
hydrogen bonds
Which two scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
watson & crick
What is the 1st step of DNA replication?
DNA "unzips"
What is the 2nd step of DNA replication?
complementary bases attach to template
What is the 3rd step of DNA replication?
two molecules of DNA identical to each other and the orginal molecule are made
If a DNA molecule is composed of 40% thymine, what %age of guanine is expected?
10%
What does does DNA replication result in?
2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original
What adds complementary bases during replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the spiral structure of DNA described as?
double helix
DNA is found in what part of the cell?
nucleus
What pairs with thymine?
adanine
What pairs with guanine ?
cytonine
During what phase of a cell's cycle does replication take place?
"s" phase
What is the purpose of DNA?
to make genetic information
What is the purpose of RNA?
to make proteins
What does RNA stand for?
ribonuclecic acid
The actions of your traits or what your traits are made up is?
proteins
DNA to RNA is called?
transcription
RNA into protein is called?
translation
What are the 3 types of RNA?
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA
What carries instructions to make a protein?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
Where are ribosome proteins made?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
What carries the amino acid to the ribosomes and matches them to the mRNA code?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
What does one of the DNA strands serve as when making RNA?
a template
