Molecular biology class 12 NCERT CBSE

What is the sugar in DNA?

deoxiribose

What is the sugar in RNA?

ribose

How many strands does DNA have?

2 strands

How many strands does RNA have?

1 strand

What is the base for DNA?

ATGC

What is the base for RNA?

AUGC

What is the process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules?

transcription

What sequence in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template?

bases

In eukaryotes, where is RNA formed and where does it travel?

nucleus, and cytoplasm

What binds DNA during transcription?

RNA polymers

Polypeptide:

chain of linked amino acids

Genetic code:

a four-letter code made up of the DNA nitrogen bases A, T, G and C; each chromosome is made up of thousands of these bases

Codon:

in RNA, a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid.

What acts like a "start" and "stop" signal for protein synthesis?

a codon

Translation:

the process of decoding of an mRNA message into a protein

Anticodon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.

Gene expression:

the way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells

Genes:

the instructions for assembling proteins

The central dogma of molecular biology is that information is transferred from ?

DNA to RNA to protein

All organisms are mostly the same in?

the molecular biology of their genes

What bonds hold the bases of DNA molecules together?

hydrogen bonds

Which two scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?

watson & crick

What is the 1st step of DNA replication?

DNA "unzips"

What is the 2nd step of DNA replication?

complementary bases attach to template

What is the 3rd step of DNA replication?

two molecules of DNA identical to each other and the orginal molecule are made

If a DNA molecule is composed of 40% thymine, what %age of guanine is expected?

10%

What does does DNA replication result in?

2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original

What adds complementary bases during replication?

DNA polymerase

What is the spiral structure of DNA described as?

double helix

DNA is found in what part of the cell?

nucleus

What pairs with thymine?

adanine

What pairs with guanine ?

cytonine

During what phase of a cell's cycle does replication take place?

"s" phase

What is the purpose of DNA?

to make genetic information

What is the purpose of RNA?

to make proteins

What does RNA stand for?

ribonuclecic acid

The actions of your traits or what your traits are made up is?

proteins

DNA to RNA is called?

transcription

RNA into protein is called?

translation

What are the 3 types of RNA?

messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA

What carries instructions to make a protein?

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Where are ribosome proteins made?

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

What carries the amino acid to the ribosomes and matches them to the mRNA code?

tRNA (transfer RNA)

What does one of the DNA strands serve as when making RNA?

a template