Law and Legitimacy in Early Islam

hadith

saying or action attributed to Prophet

isnad

chain of informants conveying an account

shari’a

islamic law

sources of shari’a are Quran and hadith

fiqh

jurisprudence, interpreatation of shari’a, the process of obtaining correct judgement of divine law

usual al-fiqh

foots of fiqh, mthodology of jurisprudence

faqih

jurisprudent

ra’y

personal opinion or judgement of a single jurist

qiyas

reasoning by analogy

ijma’

consensus of legal scholars

sunna anl al-sunna wa al-jama’a

people of the (prophet’s) Sunna and of the Community

Madhhab

school of law

Malk ibn Anas

Medina: founder of Maliki Law

Abu Hanifas

Kufa; founder of Hanafi law

al-Shafi’i

Baghdad, Fustat, founder of Shafi Law

Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Marv, Baghdad, founder of Hanbali Law

Shafi

Qur’an, hadith, ‘ijma, qiyas –rejected ra’y

Maliki

Qur’an, hadith, ‘ijma, qiyas, urf (local custom)

Hanafi

Qur’an, sound hadith, ‘ijma, qiyas

Hanbali

Qur’an, only sound hadith –rejected ‘ijma, qiyas

Al-Bukhari (d.870)

Sahih (collection of sound hadiths)

Muslim (d.875) Sahih (collection of sound hadiths)