module 12.2: the hippocampus and the striatum

anterograde amnesia

inability to form new memories for events that happened after brain damage

retrograde amnesia

loss of memory for events that occurred before the brain damage

deficits remain in what after removal of the medial temporal lobe and hippocampus?

forming long term memories

what remained in tact after damage to medial temporal lobe and hippocampus?

short term memory

semantic memories

memories of factual information

episodic memories

memories of personal events

Nearly all patients with amnesia show better ___ than ___ memory

implicit than explicit

explicit memory

deliberate recall of info that one recognizes as a memory

what is explicit memory also known as?

declarative memory

what does it mean to have an explicit or declarative memory of something?

you can state it in words, draw a picture of it, or otherwise demonstrate that you know you remember it

implicit memory

an influence of experience on behavior, even if you do not recognize that influence

procedural memory

the development of motor skills and habits

what does procedural memory fall under?

a special kind of implicit memory

what patterns do many other patients with amnesia follow?

-normal working memory, unless distracted

-severe anterograde amnesia for declarative memory

-severe loss of episodic memories

-better implicit than explicit memory

-nearly intact procedural memory

delayed matching-to-sample task

an animal sees an object (the sample) and then, after a delay, gets a choice between two objects, from which it must choose the one that matches the sample

delayed nonmatching to sample task

the procedure is the same except the animal must choose the object that is different from the sample

what is the importance of hippocampus and nearby areas in the brain for?

spatial memory

radial maze

Maze with eight or more arms used to test spatial memory in animals. Damage to the hippocampus impairs performance on this task.

Morris water maze

a pool of milky water that has a goal platform invisible just beneath its surface and is used to study the ability of rats to learn spatial locations

place cells

hippocampal neurons tuned to particular spatial locations, responding best when an animal is in a particular place and looking in a particular direction

what do many place cells also function as?

time cells

time cells

respond at a particular point in a sequence of time

grid cells

Entorhinal neurons that have multiple, evenly spaced place fields

hippocampal place cells recieve most of thier input from where?

nearby entorhinal cortex

striatum (basal ganglia)

caudate nucleus and putamen

what are the brain areas for 2 types of learning

the hippocampus and striatum

gradual probabilistic learning depends on

the basal ganglia

people with damage in their anterior temporal cortex suffer from

semantic dementia

semantic dementia

a loss of semantic memory