Intro to Coldwar

part 2

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President (1933–1945) led during WWII

Harry S. Truman

U.S. President (1945–1953) began Cold War policies like the Truman Doctrine

Dwight D. Eisenhower

U.S. President (1953–1961) strengthened containment

John F. Kennedy

U.S. President (1961–1963) led during Cuban Missile Crisis

Lyndon B. Johnson

U.S. President (1963–1969) escalated Vietnam War

Richard Nixon

U.S. President (1969–1974) opened relations with China and pursued détente with USSR

Gerald Ford

U.S. President (1974–1977)

Jimmy Carter

U.S. President (1977–1981) emphasized human rights in foreign policy

Ronald Reagan

U.S. President (1981–1989) escalated arms race and pressured USSR

George H.W. Bush

U.S. President (1989–1993) presided over Cold War’s end

Joseph Stalin

Soviet leader (1929–1953) expanded communism in Eastern Europe

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet leader (1955–1964) led de-Stalinization and Cuban Missile Crisis

Leonid Brezhnev

Soviet leader (1964–1982) promoted détente but invaded Afghanistan

Yuri Andropov

Soviet leader (1982–1984)

Konstantin Chernenko

Soviet leader (1984–1985)

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet leader (1985–1991) introduced glasnost and perestroika reforms leading to USSR collapse

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister who gave the 1946 Iron Curtain speech

George Kennan

U.S. diplomat who wrote the Long Telegram that introduced containment policy

Karl Marx

Author of The Communist Manifesto (1848) ideological father of communism

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of Bolshevik Revolution (1917) created Soviet Union

Leon Trotsky

Revolutionary leader chosen by Lenin but lost power struggle to Stalin

Eastern Europe

Region dominated by Soviet satellite states after WWII

Germany

Divided into occupation zones East and West after WWII

Korea

Divided into North communist and South anti-communist site of Korean War

Vietnam

Battleground of Cold War conflict between communism and democracy

Yalta

City in Russia where 1945 Big Three conference took place

1917

Bolshevik Revolution when communists seized power in Russia

1922

Formation of the USSR

1945

End of WWII and beginning of Cold War tensions

1946

Year of Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech and Kennan’s Long Telegram

1947

Year Truman Doctrine was announced

1948

Year Marshall Plan began

1969

U.S. moon landing during U.S.–USSR space race

1989–1991

Fall of communism in Eastern Europe and collapse of USSR

Cold War

Conflict between U.S. and USSR from 1945–1991 without direct fighting

Iron Curtain

Imaginary dividing line between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe

Satellite State

Nation controlled by another such as Poland and Czechoslovakia under USSR

Spheres of Influence

Competition between U.S. and USSR to spread their political and economic systems

Communism

System favoring collective ownership and abolition of private property often led by dictatorship

Containment

U.S. Cold War policy to stop spread of communism

Truman Doctrine

1947 U.S. aid policy supporting nations threatened by communism such as Greece and Turkey

Marshall Plan

1948 U.S. program giving $13.2 billion to rebuild Western Europe and prevent communist spread

NATO

Western military alliance formed to counter USSR

Warsaw Pact

Communist military alliance led by USSR