History Revision!! - the holocaust

What were Hitlers aims ?

• Destroy communism

• Promote Aryan race

• Unite all Germans

• Unite with Austria

• Break the treaty of Versailles

• Living space (Lebensraum)

What were laws made against the Jews?

• They had to use their own benches and facilities

• Jewish children couldn’t go to state school

• They couldn’t run businesses

• They all had a curfew- 8pm winter and 9pm summer

• They couldn’t have government jobs like lawyers and judges

• There was a “J” stamped on their passport

• They had to hand in jewellery, typewriters, newspapers, bikes etc……

• Jewish children couldn’t play with aryan children

• No marriage between Jews and Germans

• Women had “Sara” added to their name and men had “Israel”

What’s a Ghetto?

A closed off , segregated section of town where Jews were forced to live

What were the conditions in the Ghettos?

• Cramped rooms

• Easy spread of disease

• Poor sanitation

• No access to outside world

• Some had walls 10 feet high

• They had ration cards

• they were malnourished

• They had to wear the Star of David

How much calories were on the ration cards in the ghettos?

300 calories per day

What would happen if a child tried to smuggle food into the ghettos?

They would be shot if seen

What was the final solution ?

• All Jews would be brought to the east

• Separated by gender

• The Jews who could work would join labour gangs

• The rest would be dealt with appropriately

• Europe would be combed from east to west

What were methods of mass killing?

• SS Einsatzgruppen killing squads

• Dug mass graves

• Mobile gas vans using carbon monoxide

When was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising?

19th April 1943

What were conditions in Concentration/ Death Camps?

• Huts built for 500, held 700

• Few blankets

• No water or soap

• Walked past a doctor who decided if you worked or got sent to gas chambers

• They were told they were getting a shower

What gas was used in auschwitz?

Zyklon B gas, took 3-15 minutes to kill depending on age

How many synagogues were burned down during kristallnacht?

100

How many shop windows were broken during kristallnacht?

7500

How many Jews were killed during Kristallnacht?

300

What happened on Kristallnacht?

• 100 synagogues burned down

• 7500 shop windows broken

• 300 Jews killed

• People attacked and property destroyed

Warsaw ghetto uprising

• Jewish fighters retaliated

• Most used homemade weapons

• Initially they forced German troops to retreat on the first day

• The Nazis changed tactics and slowly destroyed the ghetto

• That forced Jews remaining in hiding to appear or be killed

• There was 42,000 survivors

How many ghettos was there?

Over 1000 including Warsaw and Krakow

Name the 5 Non Jewish Victims

• jehovah’s witnesses - refused to join army or salute

• Homosexuals - about 15,000 put in camps

• Disabled people - forced sterilisation and euthanasia program

• Different racial groups - including Slavs and Romany people, killed between 100,000 and 200,000

• Political prisoners- Communists.

Emigration locations after the war?

• USA

• Palestine/Israel

• Canada

• Australia

• New Zealand

• South Africa

• Western Europe

How many Jews died in the holocaust?

Six million Jews died in the holocaust

Jewish population in Europe - 1933 - 1950

In 1933 it was about 9.5 million

In 1950 it was down to 3.5 million

Why did Jews fear to return to their former homes?

• Anti semitism (hatred of Jews) still persisted in parts of Europe

• The trauma they suffered

• Pogroms (Violent anti Jewish riots)

• Some homes were now accommodated by other people

When was the creation of Isreal?

14th May 1948

When the creation of Isreal happened, who was Palestine for?

Palestine was for the Arabs

When the creation of Isreal happened, who was Isreal for?

Isreal was for the Jews