Veterinary Virology Lecture Review

These flashcards are designed to review key concepts and information from the Veterinary Virology lecture notes to prepare for the final exam.

What is the largest virus family and how many member viruses does it have?

The largest virus family is Bunyaviridae, consisting of 350 member viruses.

Name one genus in the Bunyaviridae family that has an arthropod-vertebrate-arthropod cycle.

Orthobunyavirus.

What disease is caused by Hantavirus and how is it transmitted to humans?

Hantavirus causes Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and is transmitted to humans through direct contact with rodent excreta.

List the three segments of the Bunyaviridae genome and their functions.

Large (L) encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Medium (M) encodes polyprotein processed to form glycoproteins Gn and Gc, Small (S) encodes nucleoprotein or nonstructural proteins.

What is the primary vector for Rift Valley Fever Virus?

Mosquitoes.

Which Arenaviridae virus is known for causing hemorrhagic fever in South America?

New World Arenaviruses.

What is the main characteristic of the Arteriviridae family?

They establish asymptomatic prolonged or persistent infections.

What is the common cause of gastroenteritis in young children associated with Astroviridae?

Astroviruses.

Describe the structure of the Picornaviridae viruses.

They are small, non-enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA.

What important characteristics differentiate Flaviviridae from other virus families?

Flaviviridae viruses are mostly vector-borne and have a single-stranded RNA genome that serves directly as mRNA.

What animal health problem is caused by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus?

It is a major global animal health problem that affects cloven-hoofed animals.

What is a spongiform degeneration in detail?

It refers to a characteristic lesion found in prion diseases, involving activation and proliferation of astrocytes and microglia in the brain.

What is the primary reservoir host for Hantavirus?

Rodents.

How does the Arenaviridae family utilize host mRNAs?

They use cap-snatching from host mRNAs for priming viral transcription.

What zoonotic disease is caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus?

Hemorrhagic fever in humans.

What significant property allows Caliciviridae viruses to remain infective?

They lack an envelope, making them resistant to lipid solvents and standard disinfectants.

What is the primary characteristic of prions in relation to neurodegenerative diseases?

They are infectious proteins that induce misfolding of normal proteins.

What disease does Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy cause, and how does infection occur?

It causes a progressive neurological disease in cattle, associated with feeding meat-and-bone meal from infected ruminants.