PHARM EXAM ONE

effectiveness

does what it is intended to do

safe

safety cannot be assured

selectivity

would do only what it is intended to do

agonist

something that causes an action, mimicking something God created in our bodies

absorption

time from entry into the body until it reaches the blood stream

partial agonists or agonists-antagonists

drugs that act on both capacities

distribution

how the drug is carried throughout the body

chemical neutralize

antacid, not binding to receptors, all it does it neutralize acid in body

individual variations

if one person has 1 disease, another has 3, then a drug might have more adverse effects on the latter.

metabolism

what happens to the drugs when they are absorbed into the body

pharmacokinetics

processes that affect a drug from the time it enters the body until it leaves the body

pharmacogenomics

study of genetics and populations effects to medications

prodrugs

layer that protects the drugs

excretion

getting drug out of body

half life

time for blood level of a medication/drug to decrease by 50%

steady state

when medication peaks

lethal dose

dose that will kill

effective dose

dose that produces predefined response in 50% of those tested

opioid

general term defined as any drug, natural, or synthetic that has actions similar to those of morphine

pharmacodynamics

how a drug influences target cells and the subsequent changes in the body’s biochemical reactions

drug interactions

occurs when pharmacokinetics or actions of one drug are modified by another drug or food

additive effects

two drugs with similar mechanisms of action sum their effects

synergism

two drugs with different mechanisms produce greater results

interference

one drug accelerates or slows the metabolism or excretion of another

displacement

two drugs compete for binding sites on albumin

antagonism

effects of two rugs cancel each other

incompatibility

physical interaction of two drugs that interfere with the effect of at least one of the drugs

idiosyncratic reaction

unusual unexpected response to medications

iatrogenic

disease caused by drugs

Teratogenic Effects

a drug induced birth defect

Schedule I

not approved for medical use

schedule II

used medically

schedule III

combo drugs

schedule IV

medically indicated

schedule V

medically accepted

pain

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

pain threshold

the point at which that stimulus is experienced as pain

pain tolerance

the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before taking overt action to relieve the pain

acute somatic

arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin

acute visceral

pain in the internal organs and abdomen

referred pain

pain that is present in an area removed or distant from its point of origin

narcotic

associated with opiates and opioids and typically has negative connotations

opioid antagonists

drugs that block effects of opioid agonists