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effectiveness
does what it is intended to do
safe
safety cannot be assured
selectivity
would do only what it is intended to do
agonist
something that causes an action, mimicking something God created in our bodies
absorption
time from entry into the body until it reaches the blood stream
partial agonists or agonists-antagonists
drugs that act on both capacities
distribution
how the drug is carried throughout the body
chemical neutralize
antacid, not binding to receptors, all it does it neutralize acid in body
individual variations
if one person has 1 disease, another has 3, then a drug might have more adverse effects on the latter.
metabolism
what happens to the drugs when they are absorbed into the body
pharmacokinetics
processes that affect a drug from the time it enters the body until it leaves the body
pharmacogenomics
study of genetics and populations effects to medications
prodrugs
layer that protects the drugs
excretion
getting drug out of body
half life
time for blood level of a medication/drug to decrease by 50%
steady state
when medication peaks
lethal dose
dose that will kill
effective dose
dose that produces predefined response in 50% of those tested
opioid
general term defined as any drug, natural, or synthetic that has actions similar to those of morphine
pharmacodynamics
how a drug influences target cells and the subsequent changes in the body’s biochemical reactions
drug interactions
occurs when pharmacokinetics or actions of one drug are modified by another drug or food
additive effects
two drugs with similar mechanisms of action sum their effects
synergism
two drugs with different mechanisms produce greater results
interference
one drug accelerates or slows the metabolism or excretion of another
displacement
two drugs compete for binding sites on albumin
antagonism
effects of two rugs cancel each other
incompatibility
physical interaction of two drugs that interfere with the effect of at least one of the drugs
idiosyncratic reaction
unusual unexpected response to medications
iatrogenic
disease caused by drugs
Teratogenic Effects
a drug induced birth defect
Schedule I
not approved for medical use
schedule II
used medically
schedule III
combo drugs
schedule IV
medically indicated
schedule V
medically accepted
pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
pain threshold
the point at which that stimulus is experienced as pain
pain tolerance
the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before taking overt action to relieve the pain
acute somatic
arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin
acute visceral
pain in the internal organs and abdomen
referred pain
pain that is present in an area removed or distant from its point of origin
narcotic
associated with opiates and opioids and typically has negative connotations
opioid antagonists
drugs that block effects of opioid agonists