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Only 1% of the gene actually encodes for anything, in saying this, which parts of the gene are important?
Every part of the gene is important including the non-coding regions
What is the role of the coding sequence?
The coding sequence is the portion of the gene that actually encodes for the protein
What is the role of the promoter region?
Initiates the start of transcription
What is the function of the terminator?
Signals the end of transcription by signaling the release of the newly synthesized RNA strand
All areas of the gene are important, but what is the most important region?
The coding region
What does collinearity refer to?
refers to the vital order of nucleotides in the DNA sequence
What is the importance of reading a DNA strand according to the order of collinearity?
because the nucleotides are placed in an order that ensures the codon created will correspond to a specific protein, the DNA sequence must be read in order to ensure the right protein is produced
When the double stranded DNA strand is uncoiled for transcription it reveals two strands, the coding and template strand, what is the function of the template strand?
The template strand is used as a guide to produce a complimentary RNA strand during transcription
Reading a DNA or RNA strand from the 5’-3’ end is known as which direction?
Downstream
What are the two functions of the 5’UTR region?
Interacts with the ribosomes
Regulates translation
What is the 5’UTR region?
An untranslated region where gene transcription begins
What is the 3’ poly-A tail?
A chain of adenine nucleotides added to the 3’ end of the newly synthesized RNA molecule in order to increase stability
What is the function of the start codon?
Where the ribosome starts transcription
The start codon “Aug” always codes for the same amino acid, which amino acid is it?
The start codon always codes for methionine
Because the start codon is the first region coded for in every gene, What does that mean for the first amino acid found in every protein?
This means that the first amino acid found in every protein will always be a methionine
What is polyadenylation?
The process of signaling for the addition of more adenine molecules
How are introns and exons differentiated?
They are recognized by their distinct sequences
What is the unique sequence of introns?
Introns almost always begin with GT and end with AG
What are the three condensed steps of splicing?
Intron recognition
Intron removal
joining of the exons in a new order
Where do transcription and splicing occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus
What is the primary transcript?
The unmodified RNA product made from the DNA template strand
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