Lifespan Development quiz

Infants

Birth - 2 years

Very sensitive to their environments such as culture, family, and nutrition

Early Childhood

Birth - 5 years old

Epigenetics

The environment modifying how a gene expresses itself without changing the DNA

Examples: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Quality of postnatal care, and maternal stress

Baby Survival Skills

Reflexes such as rooting, sucking, moro reflex, and grasping as well as the faces they make

1 year old milestones

• Learning to respond

• Triple their weight

• Being able to sit, stand, walk, crawl, and climb

• Falling into a sleeping and eating pattern

• Reaching and Turning aka motor skills

Gross Motor Skills

• Lift up head

• Chest up while using arms for support

• Being able to support some weight with legs

• Sit up without support

• Stand without support

• Pull themselves to stand up

• Walk using furniture assistance

• Stand alone

• Walk alone

Fine Motor Skills

• Pincer grasp

• Coordinated reaching and grasping

Pruning

Use it or lose it, it takes the neurons that aren’t needed out and replaces creates space for new ones

Sensorimotor Phase

Connecting with people and the world around us through the use of senses

Cognitive Development

• The development of your brain in the context of relationships

• Influence by genes and the environment

• Very maleable during early childhood and adolescence

CD Highlights from 2 - 5

• Object permanence is established

• Have an egocentric perspective

• Black and White thinking

• Sequencing and Categorizing

• (3 - 5) Starts identifying things like letters, numbers, colors and other foundational knowledge

Language Development

• Higher attention span for focusing on specific things

• Retain and remember information over time

• Higher level cognitive processing skills

Toddlers

• Their attention shifts quickly

• Poor memorial

• Poor information retrieval

Preschoolers

• Able to pay attention for longer periods of time

• Can set goals

• A lot of trial and error

• More aware of their environment

• Easily influenced by suggestion

• Memory works better with prompting

CD in Practice

• Singing and reciting things like rhymes

• Reading to Children

• Solving problems out loud

• Encouraging them to talk with other kids

• Let them experiment

• Play with open-ended toys like legos and building blocks

• Talk about new words and how words can mean multiple things

• Invite them to think and share their ideas

Erickson Stages

Infancy - Trust vs Mistrust

Early Childhood - Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

Middle Childhood - Industry vs Inferiority

Adolescence - Identity vs Role Confusion

Myelination

The process of getting rid of the membranes interlinking neurons to allow information to flow more efficiently

Prefrontal Cortex

• Self Awareness

• Inhibition

• Planning

• Decision Making

• Social Interactions

Limbic System

• Reward system of the brain

• Motivation

• How we focus our attention

• How we remember things

Cognitive Control

• Develops during adolescence

• Growing regulatory fibers that help the brain pause and reflect

Hyperrationality

Examining the facts of a situation but not taking the picture picture intp account

Gist Thinking

Considering the larger context and use intuition to aim for positive values that matter to you rather than immediate reward

Self Regulation

How we’re able to express emotion, control our emotions, and do it appropriately in different contexts

Role of Caregivers

• Coaching

• Teaching Opportunities

• Praise

• Problem Solving

• Soothing

• Setting Examples

Play

The enjoyment of an activity that helps improve behavioral, social, and psychomotor development

Helps Play

• Joy

• Trust

• Curiosity

• Security

• Connection

Hinders Play

• Fear

• Stress

• Disconnection

• Trauma

Play Helps: Physically

• Strengthen their bodies

• Develop Gross and Fine Motor skills

• Sensory Input

• Allows them to get stronger which helps their bones develop correctly

Play Helps: Cognitively

• Problem Solving

• Learning to adjust to new environments

• Increases capacity to store information

• Promotes imagination and creativity

Play Helps: Linguistically

• Practicing words and phrases

• Adding vocabulary

• Negotiate

• Repetition

• How to talk with other people

Play Helps: Social Emotional

• Sharing by example

• Negotiate

• Imaginative play that lets them explore different worlds and roles

• Self-esteem

• Peer Relationships

Play Helps: Cross-functional

• Self-regulation

• Tolerance

• Risk taking (Knowing what they’re capable of)

• Resilience

• Attention

• Concentration

• Taking different perspectives

Solitary Play

Ages 0-2: Play on their own

Spectator Play

Ages 2-2.5: Watch other kids play

Parallel Play

Ages 2.5-3: Playing next to other kids

Associate Play

Ages 3-4: Playing the same thing but not together

Cooperative Play

Playing together with other kids

SE Milestones: 3

• Calming down within 10 minutes of drop-off

• Noticing other kids playing and joining them

SE Milestones: 4

• Pretend Roleplay

• Asking to play with other kids

• Comforting people who are sad or hurt

• Avoids Danger

• Likes to Help

• Changes behavior based on setting

SE Milestones: 5

• Follows rules

• Takes turns when playing games

• Preforms for you

• Does simple house chores like clearing the table

Lifestages

Birth - 8: Early Childhood

8-9: Middle Childhood

9-11: Tweens

12-19: Adolescence

20-35ish: Young Adulthood

35ish-60: Middle Adulthood

60+: Older Adulthood

3 year old shift

• Shows concern and affection for others without being told to or influenced

• Copies adults and friends

• Takes turns in games

• Separates easily for parents/caregivers

• Shows a wide range of emotions

• Enjoys routines and might get upset by changes in said routines

• Dresses and Undresses themself

• Enjoys helping around

• Verbalizes toilet need

• Potty Trained

4 year old shift

• Plays well with other kids

• Negotiates solutions to conflicts

• Prefers playing others rather than alone

• Enjoys doing new things

• More creative when it comes to playing make believe

• Confuses make believe and reality

• Expresses their likes and dislikes

• Seeks new experiences

5-7 year old shift

• Wants to please their friends

• Wants to be like their friends

• Agrees to rules more easily

• Likes to preform

• Knows the difference between fiction and reality

• know’s who’s a boy and who’s a girl

• Expresses likes and dislikes

• Increased independence

Trouble with Milestones

• Culture-Dependent

• Context-Dependent

• Adheres to social pressures and expectations

Brain and Body Physical Development

• Characterized by slow constant growth

• Follows rapid growth of early childhood and adolescence

• Gains more physical, cognitive control, and coordination abilities

• A lot happens during this period of time

• Brain volume stabilizes

• Improved attention, reasoning, and logic

• Smoother motor development

• Marked improvement in fine motor skills

Childhood Obesity Consequences

• Increased rate of diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, and cardio vascular disease

• Can lead to depression or self-isolation

• Bullying

• Low Self-esteem

Hereditary + Environmental Roles

• If you’re 9 years old with an overweight parent you have a higher risk of obesity

• Metabolic and Endocrine functions

• Body size, type, and strong genetic components

• Food availability

• Family lifestyle

• Decrease in physical activity

• Increased screen time