Honors Bio S1 review

Independent Variable (1)

factor changed by the scientist

Dependent Variable (1)

influenced by the independent variable

Control Group (1)

group without any changes; usually to compare with the experiment

Constant (1)

factors kept the same

Hypothesis (1)

testable prediction

Conclusion (1)

final explanation based on results

Claim (1)

direct answer to the question

Evidence (1)

data collected during the experiment

Reasoning (1)

explanation linking evidence to the claim

CER (1)

Claim Evidence Reasoning

Characteristics of Life (1)

shared traits of living things

Polar Molecule (1)

molecule with uneven charge

Nonpolar Molecule (1)

molecule with even charge

Carbon Chemistry (1)

carbon forms four bonds

Water Chemistry (1)

properties due to polarity

Prokaryote (2)

cell without nucleus

Eukaryote (2)

cell with nucleus

Plant Cell (2)

eukaryotic cell with chloroplast

Animal Cell (2)

eukaryotic cell without cell wall

Carbohydrate (2)

main energy source; sugar

Lipid (2)

long term energy storage

Protein (2)

structure and enzymes

Nucleic Acid (2)

stores genetic info

ATP (2)

immediate energy molecule

Dehydration Synthesis (2)

builds polymers by removing water

Hydrolysis (2)

breaks polymers using water

Enzyme (2)

protein that speeds reactions

Active Site (2)

binding location on enzyme

Substrate (2)

molecule acted on by enzyme

Denatured (2)

enzyme shape changed

Cell Membrane (3)

controls movement in and out

Phospholipid (3)

forms membrane bilayer

Diffusion (3)

movement from high to low concentration

Osmosis (3)

diffusion of water

Facilitated Diffusion (3)

transport using proteins

Active Transport (3)

movement using energy

Sodium Potassium Pump (3)

maintains nerve balance

Endocytosis (3)

material enters cell

Exocytosis (3)

material exits cell

Hypotonic (3)

more water outside cell

Hypertonic (3)

more water inside cell

Isotonic (3)

equal water levels

Negative Feedback (3)

restores balance

Positive Feedback (3)

increases response

ATP (4)

energy

Glycolysis (4)

glucose breakdown in cytoplasm

Krebs Cycle (4)

carbon release stage

Electron Transport System (4)

major ATP production

Aerobic Respiration (4)

uses oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration (4)

no oxygen

Lactic Acid Fermentation (4)

animals

Alcoholic Fermentation (4)

yeast

Photosynthesis (4)

glucose production

Light Dependent Reaction (4)

makes ATP NADPH

Calvin Cycle (4)

builds sugar/glucose for plants

Chloroplast (4)

photosynthesis organelle

Thylakoid (4)

light reactions location

Stroma (4)

Calvin Cycle location

NADPH (4)

electron carrier

Ecosystem (5)

living and nonliving system

Food Chain (5)

single energy path

Food Web (5)

interconnected chains

Energy Pyramid (5)

energy loss model

10 Percent Rule (5)

energy transfer rate

Producer (5)

organism that makes its own food using sunlight. (ex) grass

Primary Consumer (5)

eats producers

Secondary Consumer (5)

eats primary

Tertiary Consumer (5)

eats secondary

Keystone Species (5)

species whose removal causes major ecosystem change. (ex) sea otters w/ sea urchins and kelp

Trophic Cascade (5)

chain reaction caused by changes in one trophic level. (ex) predator loss leading to plant decline

Limiting Factor (5)

restricts population

Carrying Capacity (5)

max population

Carbon Cycle (5)

movement of carbon through living and nonliving systems.