Pathophysiology of Respiratory Conditions

Albuterol

Albuterol

short-acting beta 2 agonist

pH

7.35 - 7.45 (low pH is more acidic; higher the pH, less acidic)

Shift to left

acidosis (below 7.35)

Symptoms of acidosis

low CO2, high pH, low temp, O2 affinity of HgB is high

Shift to the right

alkalosis (above 7.45)

Symptoms of alkalosis

high CO2, high temp, O2 affinity of Hgb is low

SPO2

the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

PaO2

how much oxygen is dissolved in your blood

SPO2 normal range

80-100%

PaO2 normal range

80-100%

Optimal oxygen levels

Want their oxygen to be 88-92

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic bronchitis

"blue bloaters" with mucus & inflammation of bronchioles

Emphysema

"Pink puffers" with shallow breath and excessive energy

Alpha-antitrypsin

smoking gets rid of it, leading to elastase which destroys elastin

Tension pneumothorax

tension due to outside trauma

Spontaneous pneumothorax

caused by emphysema leading to lung collapse

Cor pulmonale

right side heart failure; the right side is pumping into the lungs

Hypoxia

Low oxygen in the body

Metabolic acidosis

an increase in blood acidity causing reflex mechanisms

PaO2 normal range

60 - 80 mm Hg

Hypercapnia

An increase of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

Respiratory acidosis

where the CO2 is increasing in the blood and the pH level has gone below 7.35

V/Q mismatch

Inappropriate contact between ventilated alveoli and perfused capillaries

P > V

no ventilation of alveoli, but adequate perfusion (Asthma)

V > P

adequate ventilation of alveoli but no perfusion (DEAD SPACE)

Pneumothorax

presence of air in pleural space

Pleural Effusion

fluid in the pleural cavity

Sanguineous

Bloody

Transudate/exudate

Serous

Asthma

Inflammation leading to bronchial constriction