Principles of Biomedical Science EOC/Final flashcards

Respiratory System

Organs in your body that help you breathe.

Organ

A collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.

Nervous System

Receives and interprets stimuli and transmits to the effector organs.

Digestive System

The group of organs that break down foods into chemical components that the body can absorb and use for energy and building cells and tissues.

Cardiovascular System

The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes.

Virus

A small infectious agent that can replicate only inside living cells of an organism.

Transmission

The way microbial organisms move from one host to another.

T Lymphocyte (T cells)

A type of lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus.

Spirillium

A spiral shaped bacterium.

Protozoa

Any protist of the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa.

Phagocyte

Eats cells

Microbiology

A branch of biology dealing especially with microscopic forms of life.

Infection

The state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host.

Immunity

Being able to resist a particular disease.

Helminth

A parasitic worm.

Gram Stain

A method for seeing if a bacteria is is Gram positive, or negative.

Fungus

A member of a large group eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeast, molds, and mushrooms.

Contagious

Communicable by contact.

Coccus

A round bacterium.

B cell

A type of lymphocyte that develops in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies.

Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms that are often aggregated into colonies or motile. A type of pathogen.

Bacillus

A rod-shaped bacterium.

Aseptic Technique

A procedure performed under sterile conditions.

Antibody

Produced by B Cells.

Stroke

Sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by rupture of obstruction of a blood vessel of the brain.

Stenting

A surgical procedure for inserting a stent, a mold to keep a passageway open, into an anatomical vessel.

Risk Factor

Something which increases risk or susceptibility.

Metabolic Syndrome

A cluster of conditions such as, increased blood pressure, high blood pressure level, excess body fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels. These occur together, which increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, or diabetes.

Heart Disease

An abnormal organic condition of the heart or of circulation.

Heart Attack

An episode of heart disease marked by death or damage of heart muscle due to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle.

Coronary Bypass

A procedure that restores blood flow to your heart muscle by diverting the flow of blood around a section of a blocked artery in your heart.

Angioplasty

Surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel.

Angiogram

The radiographic visualization of a blood vessels after the injection of radiopaque substance.

Pulmonary Chain Reaction (PCR)

A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA vitro by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

It carries cholesterol throughout the body, delivering it to different organs and tissues.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a give gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a given gene.

High Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

"Good cholesterol. It picks up excess cholesterol in your blood and it takes it back to your liver where it's broken down.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

A disorder of high LDL (bad) cholesterol that is passed down through families.

Electrophoresis

The movement of suspended particles through a fluid or gel under the action of electromotive force applied to electrodes in contact with suspension.

Cholesterol

A waxy substance that's found in the lipids in you blood.

Atherosclerosis

Changes in the walls of the large arteries consisting of lipid deposit on the artery walls.

Systole

The stage of the heart cycle on which the heart muscle contracts and then chambers pump blood.

Sphygmomanometer

An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.

Sinoatrial Node (Sinus Node)

Tissue that's made of purkinje cells, nerve fibers, that's embedded in the musculature of the right atrium.

Pulse

The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction.

Pacemaker

An electrical device for stimulation or studding the heartbeat or reestablishing the rhythm of an arrested heart.

Hypertension

Abnormally high blood pressure.

Heart Rate

A measure of cardiac activity expressed as the number of BPM.

EKG

A measurement of heart electrical activity.

Diastolic Pressure

Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.

Diastolic

Stage of the heart cycle where the muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.

Cardiology

The study of the heart and it's action and diseases.

Blood Pressure

Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels, usually measured by a sphygmomanometer.

Atrioventricular Node

A specialized mass of conducting cells located at the atrioventricular junction in the heart.

Meiosis

The process of reducing chromosomes to produce sex cells (gametes).

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order.

Chromosome

A thread-like structure made up of DNA that is tightly coiled around patterns.

Gene

A unit of heredity which carries info that determines your traits.

Dominant Trait

A trait which is expressed if one of the parents has the gene for that trait.

Heredity

The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant.

Allele

An alternative form of a gene.

HIPPA

A set of standard and practices that give patients rights regarding their personal health info.

Sex Chromosome

One of the chromosomes that determines what sex someone will be.

Mutation

A rare change in DNA.

Genotype

All or part of the genetic makeup of a person or group.

Mitosis

The process of dividing a cell that happens in the nucleus.

Genetic Material

Molecules responsible for heredity difference of organisms.

Autosome

A chromosome thats not directly involved in determining sex as opposed to a sex chromosome.

Recessive Trait

Any of the other forms of a gene that may occur at a given place.

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Translation

From RNA to a protein. Happens in cytoplasm at the ribosome.

tRNA

Brings amino acids to the ribosome.

Transcription

When DNA goes to RNA. Happens in the nucleus.

Ribosome

A cell that functions as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

RNA

A nucleic acid living in all cells.

Protein Synthesis

Production of proteins.

Protein

A polymer made up of monomers and amino acids.

Nucleotide

Building block of a nucleic acid.

mRNA

Carries info from nucleus to ribosome.

Hydrophobic

Scared of water.

Hydrophilic

Likes water.

Codon

3 letter segment of mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

Anticodon

Nucleotides found on the tRNA that are complimentary to the mRNA codon.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins.

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

A colorless circle shaped cell without a nucleus. Involved in clotting.

Sickle Cell Disease

A genetic blood disorder caused by an uncommon form of hemoglobin. Cells are crescent shaped and cause blood clots.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Cells that are colorless, need hemoglobin, and contain a nucleus.

Hematocrit

Something to measure the ratio of red blood cells to the volume of blood.

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Blood cells that carry oxygen to the tissues.

Blood Plasma

A colorless watery liquid from whole blood that has sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, proteins, hormones, and vitamins.

Anemia

When you blood doesn't have enough red blood cells, hemoglobin, or total volume.

Pedigree

A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable traits in parents and their children over generations.

Phenotype

How the genetic foundation is expressed into the environment.

Punnet Square

A graphic design that shows all the combinations of genotypes of an offspring, given the parents genotype.

Forensic Science

The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law.

Adenosine Tri-phosate (ATP)

A compound made up of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups that supply energy for biochemical cellular processes.

Polymer

A molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together.

Nutrient

A substance needed to maintain the life and health of the body.

Monosaccharide

A single sugar molecule.