Worlds Together Worlds Apart Chapter 10

Bar Sawma and Markos

Two christian monks who voyaged into the heart of the Islamic world.

Turkish people

They were trying to go to Jerusalem to visit the graves of martyrs

Left eachother in Baghdad because their journey was too dangerous

Bar Sawma became an abassador to get Eurpoean leaders to attack Jerusalem (in muslim control)

Markos became the patriarch of the Nestorian branch of Christianty

What 3 themes related to the story of Bar Sawma and Markos dominate this chapter?

Trade along sea-based routes increased and coastal trading cities began to expand dramatically

Greater trade and religious integration generated the world's 4 main cultural spheres

The Mongol empire ruled over huge swaths of land

What are the 4 main cultural spheres during this time?

The islamic world, India, China, and Europe

During this time, what was the most popular way for long distance trade?

Sea routes

What made seaborne trade easier and slashed its cost?

They also fostered teh growth of maritime commercial hubs

Improved navigational aids, better map making, refinements in shipbuilding, and new political support for shipping

Maritime commercial hubs

(Anchorages)

Facilitated the expansion of maritime trade

Magnetic Needle Compass

Chinese invention identified promising locations for houses and tombs, but 11th century sailors used it to find their way on the high seas; Improved mapmaking

Dhows, Junks, and Cogs

New types of ships that allowed for more impressive mastery of the sea

Lateens

Triangular sails on dhows

Dhows

Maximized the monsoon trade winds on the Arabian Sea and Indian ocean; had lateens; could transport up to 5 tons

Junks

Sailed the South China Seas; they were large, flat bottomed ships with internal sealed bulkheads, stern mounted rudders, as many as 4 decks, 6 masts with a dozen sails, and the space to carry as many as 500 men; could transport up to 500 tons

Cogs

In the Atlantic Ocean, linked Genoa to Azores and Iceland; single mast and square sail; could transport up to 200 tons

How did Song rulers protect maritime traders?

They maintained a standing navy that protected traders and light houses

How did the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt protect traders?

They used armed convoys of ships to escort commercial fleets and regulate ocean traffic

Entrepôts

Commercial cities where ships could drop anchor; served as transshipment centers, located between borders or in ports; Traders could exchange commodities and replenish supplies

Alexandria, Quilon, Melaka, Quanzhou

Examples of entrepôts