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Why do you think Americans might have wanted the lands in the Louisiana Purchase? What advantages would it give the young nation?
new resources, land to build on, no taxes, ability to grow population
According to the Constitution, who has the authority to buy territory from other nations or add new states to the U.S.?
2/3 of Congress vote for the President to buy or expand the states
According to the Constitution, what could Jefferson use to argue that he did have the authority to purchase the Louisiana territory?
Jefferson could argue that he had the support of Congress (Senate & House)
Did Jefferson exceed his authority in purchasing Louisiana?
He had full support from Congress. However, the Constitution did not grant the federal gov. the authority to acquire more territory
Would Jefferson support the concept of Manifest Destiny and U.S. expansion?
Yes, Jefferson would support this as he acquired the Louisiana territory, which aligns with Manifest Destiny.
Why is possessing New Orleans important to the U.S.?
port for trade, high population
President Jefferson suggests that to keep the U.S. safe, who must they ally themselves with for the strength of a navy?
whoever owns New Orleans (French); they must be on their side
Which 2 pieces of land did President Jefferson hope to acquire from France?
New Orleans, the Floridas
What motivated Jefferson to acquire the Louisiana territory for the U.S.?
farming land, port for economic trade, once in a lifetime deal, population expansion
Why do the Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase?
The balance of free & slave states will become equal, unclear if the Louisiana territory would become part of either slave or free states; this led them to worry about an inbalance
How will the Louisiana Purchase affect Native Americans?
decreases their territory, forces native americans to assimilate to western culture, pushes them out of their land
What is Jefferson's attitude towards Native Americans living in the Louisiana territory?
paternalistic view, make them conform to western culture, believes native culture is inferior
Cause: Louisiana Purchase - adding an abundance of new territory
Effect: Maine admitted as a free state
Cause: Cotton Trade - contributing to both sides of the slavery argument
Effect: Missouri admitted as a slave state
Cause: Manifest Destiny - The idea that the U.S. was destined by God to settle North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Slavery prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36° 30° dividing line
Cause: Balance in Congress/Sectionalism - Maintaining the power balance
Increased sectionalism between North and South
Cause: Maine & Missouri Statehood - Keeps balance as a free state and slave state
Rise of abolitionism in the North U.S. slavery as a "positive good" in the South
Why do you think men like Jefferson and Adams viewed the Missouri Compromise as a bad thing?
Jefferson disliked the Missouri Compromise because it would eventually cause a civil war.
Adams was an abolitionist, and he believed that this would put the Union at risk.
Why did California becoming a free state cause tension between the North and South?
It would upset the balance of power in the Senate, making the South a minority and causing fear of losing influence.
What did Southern politicians, especially in South Carolina, threaten when California wanted to become a free state?
They talked about seceding from the Union, fearing limits on slavery and loss of political power.
How did Henry Clay's Compromise of 1850 try to ease tensions over slavery?
By making California a free state, allowing other territories to vote on slavery, and passing a strict Fugitive Slave Law to please the South.
Why was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 so controversial in the North?
It required Northern citizens to assist in capturing runaway slaves and penalized those who refused, sparking outrage and resistance.
How did the Fugitive Slave Act affect free African Americans in the North?
Free blacks could be captured and sent to the South as slaves, as they had no right to prove their free status in court.
What role did the Fugitive Slave Act play in increasing sectional tensions between the North and South?
It angered Northerners, who passed personal liberty laws in defiance of the Act, which in turn angered Southerners, deepening the divide over states' rights and slavery.
How did the Fugitive Slave Act influence the actions of abolitionists?
It made them more determined to fight against slavery, leading to an increase in Underground Railroad activity and public opposition to slavery.
What was the impact of the Fugitive Slave Act on African Americans attempting to build lives in the North?
Many fled to Canada to escape the risk of being captured and sent to the South, as the law made it nearly impossible for them to live safely in the North.
What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad, and how did it contribute to sectionalism?
It helped enslaved people escape to the North or Canada, angering Southern slaveholders and deepening the divide over slavery.
Who was Harriet Tubman, and why was she significant in the context of the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman was a famous "conductor" who repeatedly risked her life to help enslaved people escape, becoming a symbol of the abolitionist movement.
How did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 affect the safety of both fugitives and free African Americans?
It put both groups at risk of being captured and sent to slavery, as they had no right to a trial to prove their freedom, increasing Northern opposition to slavery.
How did stories like those of Henry "Box" Brown and Anthony Burns impact public opinion on slavery?
These stories highlighted the lengths to which enslaved people went to gain freedom and exposed the cruelty of the Fugitive Slave Act, swaying more Northerners against slavery.
What role did abolitionists like William Still play in the Underground Railroad, and how did their actions contribute to sectional tensions?
Abolitionists like Still provided shelter and guidance to escapees, defying Southern laws and fueling Southern anger at Northern resistance to slavery.
How did Uncle Tom's Cabin contribute to increasing sectionalism between the North and South?
The novel exposed the brutal realities of slavery, increasing Northern opposition to slavery while angering Southerners, deepening the divide.
Why did Uncle Tom's Cabin provoke such a strong reaction in the South?
It portrayed slaveholders as cruel and inhumane, leading to outrage, and the book was banned in some Southern states.
What impact did Uncle Tom's Cabin have on Northern views of the Fugitive Slave Law?
The novel fueled Northern resistance to the law, with many refusing to follow it and actively helping escaped slaves.
How did Harriet Beecher Stowe's personal experiences influence the writing of Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Stowe based her characters on real people and events she witnessed or heard about, including the story of a runaway slave woman who inspired one of the book's key scenes.
How did Uncle Tom's Cabin influence international views on slavery, particularly in Great Britain?
The novel was widely read in Britain, helping to shape global opinions against slavery and increasing support for the abolitionist cause.
Why did Southern slaveholders support the acquisition of Cuba during President Pierce's administration?
They saw it as a way to expand slavery and gain more political power by admitting Cuba as a slave state.
What was the Ostend Manifesto, and how did it increase sectional tensions between the North and South?
It was a document that argued the U.S. should buy Cuba or declare war on Spain if they refused, which outraged Northerners as an attempt to expand slavery.
How did opposition to the Ostend Manifesto contribute to the formation of the Republican Party?
The Manifesto's call to expand slavery overseas angered many Northerners, leading them to form the Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery.
How did the Ostend Manifesto highlight the growing split between Northern and Southern Democrats?
Many Northern Democrats opposed the idea of acquiring Cuba for slavery, while Southern Democrats supported it, deepening the divide within the party.
What did the controversy over the Ostend Manifesto reveal about Southern attitudes towards slavery?
It showed that Southerners were determined to preserve and expand slavery, even through foreign expansion, which increased Northern fears of slavery spreading.
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase sectional tensions between the North and South?
It repealed the Missouri Compromise, allowing popular sovereignty, which reopened the possibility of slavery in new territories and angered Northern abolitionists.
Why did violence erupt in Kansas after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups flooded into Kansas to influence the vote on slavery, leading to violent confrontations known as "Bleeding Kansas."
What was the significance of the term "Bleeding Kansas" in relation to the growing sectional conflict?
It highlighted the violent struggle over slavery in the territories and foreshadowed the larger conflict that would come during the Civil War.
What was the Lecompton Constitution, and how did it contribute to the conflict in Kansas?
The Lecompton Constitution was a pro-slavery document written by Kansas settlers, leading to further division as anti-slavery settlers formed their own government in opposition.
Who was John Brown, and how did his actions in Kansas escalate the tensions over slavery?
John Brown was an abolitionist who led a violent raid at Pottawatomie Creek, killing pro-slavery leaders, intensifying the conflict between pro- and anti-slavery forces.
How did the "Caning of Sumner" reflect the growing sectionalism in the United States?
It showed how deeply slavery divided the North and South, with Northern outrage over the attack and Southern support for Preston Brooks, the attacker.
What led Preston Brooks to attack Senator Charles Sumner on the Senate floor?
Brooks was defending the honor of his cousin, Senator Andrew Butler, whom Sumner had insulted in his anti-slavery speech, "The Crime Against Kansas."
How did violence in Congress, such as the "Caning of Sumner," symbolize the increasing tension between the North and South?
The frequent acts of violence mirrored the growing hostility between the regions over slavery, foreshadowing the Civil War.
What was the reaction in the North and South to the "Caning of Sumner"?
Northerners saw Sumner as a martyr, while Southerners celebrated Brooks as a hero for defending the honor of the South.
How did the physical brawls in Congress in the 1850s highlight the political and sectional divide?
These violent incidents reflected how deeply divided the nation was, with congressmen willing to physically fight over the issue of slavery, symbolizing the country's impending fracture.
--Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act provoke strong opposition from many Northern politicians?
It reopened the possibility of slavery in territories that had previously been designated as free by the Missouri Compromise, disrupting the balance between free and slave states.
What major political shift occurred in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
The Act led to the formation of the Republican Party, as many Northern Whigs, Free-Soilers, and Northern Democrats united to oppose the spread of slavery.
What was the main goal of the newly formed Republican Party following the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Their primary goal was to prevent the spread of slavery into the territories, thus reducing Southern political power.
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act contribute to the sectional divide in the United States political landscape?
It caused political parties to realign along regional lines, with Republicans emerging as a Northern party focused on anti-slavery, while Democrats retained strong support in the South.
What was the immediate political consequence of Abraham Lincoln's election as the first Republican President in 1860?
His election prompted Southern states to begin seceding from the Union, fearing that Republican policies would threaten their way of life and the institution of slavery.
What was the main argument Dred Scott used in his lawsuit to end his slavery?
Scott argued that living in free territory had made him a free man, and thus he should not be considered a slave upon returning to Missouri.
What were the key components of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case?
The Court ruled that no African American could be a U.S. citizen, that slaves were property protected by the Constitution, and that Congress had no power to restrict the spread of slavery.
How did the Dred Scott decision impact the Missouri Compromise?
The ruling declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, which intensified the debate over slavery's expansion into new territories.
What effect did the Dred Scott ruling have on Northern perceptions of the federal government?
The decision led many Northerners to believe that the federal government was dominated by Southern slaveholders, increasing sectional tensions.
How did the Dred Scott decision influence the debate over popular sovereignty?
The ruling stated that popular sovereignty was unconstitutional, undermining the concept that territories could decide for themselves whether to allow slavery, and further inflaming tensions between the North and South.
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Flashcard (21)