Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
organsimal bio
study of structure / funct/ eco of orgs
taxonomy
organization of systems
photoautotroph
light self food
energy from light
gets C from co2
photoheterotroph
energy= light
food= glucose
can process light but needs organic C for food
chemoheterotroph
energy/food from glucose (chemicals)
chemoautotroph
process chemicals and makes its own food from co2
anabaena azollae
endosymbiont of water fern
photoauto
had n fixing heterotrophs
what is the vegatative cell in an anabeana
photosynthetic cell
halobacterium salinarum
photohetero
uses bacteriohodopsin to harvest light
consumes amino acids and other org acids for food
extreme halophile = high salt
what is a simple stain
one dye to stain all bacteria
positively charged
what type of bacterial growth is supported on typic soy
everything
pos control
what type of bacterial growth is supported on MacConkey
gram neg
if cells turn pink then they metabolize lactose
what type of bacterial growth is supported on Sulfadiazine
resistant bacteria
what type of bacterial growth is supported on tetrecycline
nothing
neg control
what is the root of a phylo tree
start
what is the node of a phylo tree
branching point
what are protisits
any euk that is not a plant/animal/fungus
what are flagella
tail like extensions made of microtubles
what are cillia
hair like extensions
pseudopods
hydrostatic movement
channel water, extend body, move
what are the types of locomotion
flagella
cillia
pseuodpods
go with the flow (water)
none
phototaxis
to/away light
chemotaxis
to/away from chemicals
tighmotaxis
to/away from touch
psysarum polycephalum
amoebozoa supergroup
plasmodia slime mold
giant cell with lots of nuclei
movemet: chemotaxis and pseudopods
resting state= sclerotium
has decision making ability
what is the psysarms decsion making ability
can chose the quality/quantity of food
remember where its been
find optimal pathways
paramecium
supergroup: alveolates
movement: cillia
unicellular
easy to see components
heterotroph
why do we care what cellular components look like
more we understand about 1 org more we can understand about others
Euglena
excavates
movement: flagella
unicellular
live in brackish water
faculative heterotroph
can be heterotroph or can be photosynthetic
trichnoympha
excavates
movement: flagella
unicellular
endosymbiont of termites
produce cellulose that break down wood in termite guts
no mitochondria
fucus
stramenophiles
movement: sessile (affixed to)
multicellular
brown kelp
fronds=leaves
stripe=stem
holdfast=root
M/F conceptacles
used as dietary supplement / emulsifier
saprolegnia
how does it get food/energy
body type
repro
strmenophiles
movement: none
chemoheterotroph
body mass of hyphae/filaments
produced M/F gametes
cause plant/animal gametes
what is do saprobic fungi eat
dead things
what is do paracitic fungi eat
living things
foraminifera
rhizaria
movement: pseudopods
chemohetero
marine org
biomineralized with CaCo3
limestone
diatoms
stramenoplies
photoauto
unicellular
aquatic
biomineralized with SiO2
used to make diatomacious earth
what was the physarum lab recitation experiment
easy vs difficult choice
accuracy and time-decision were measured
what were the results of the physarum lab recitation experiment
sig diff in accuracy in easy vs difficult choice
no sig diff in time-decision in easy vs difficult
speed accuracy trade off in easy treatment
how much o2 is produced by algae
50-70%
what are the characteristics of plants
plant synapomorphies
cholorphyll a/b
celluosic cell wall
starch storage in cholorplasts
what are the types of plant life cycles
budding
connjugation
gametic mitosis
sporic meisois
alt of gen
what is budding
asexual repro
mitosis / cloning
what is conjugation
2 cells share DNA via a conjugation tube
what is gametic mitosis
diplood —> haploid —> combine haploids —> diploid again
chlamydaomonas
chlorophyte
movement: motile
unicellular
haploid
lives in freshwater
life cycle
asexual via mitosis
sexual vie gametic mitosis
why might an org do sexual repro rather than asexual repro
sexual reproduction will make adaptations
increase survival?
volvox
movement: motile
chlorophyte
100-1000 haploid cells in a gel matrix
life cycle
asexual: daughter colonies form inside parent
sexual: gametes from at the end of the growing season. dormant zygotes undergo mitosis before germination
spirogyra
freshwater green algae
chlorophyte
life cycle:
asexual: fragmentation of filments
sexual: conjugation makes thick walled zygotes that overwinter
chara
freshwater
charaphyte
biominerlization of CaCo3 in cell wall
what are some human application of algae
induce autophagy (programmed cell death)→ treat cancer
what is a algal bloom
algae grow expoential and use all the O2
no o2 kills algae and all other orgs
lots of algae on surface means underwater plants cannot get sunlight
what are the 3 type of nonvacular land plants
liverwort (hepatophyta)
hornwort (anterophyta)
mosses (musci)
how to you maintain/keep water as a nonvascular plant?
shape and specilized structures
cuticle: waxy covering
stomata: pores that allow for o2/h2o exchange
spores
being short/flat
what are the first plants to colonize land after a natural disaster
nonvascular plants
what is the process of “alt of gen”
sporophyte
spores
gamteophye
gamete
zygote
what is a sporophyte
2n multicullular adult that makes spores
what is a spore
halpoid single cell that can grow
what is a gametophte
haploid multicellular adult that makes gametes
what is a gamete
haploid that has to fuse with another to grow
what is a zygote
diploid cell that grows into new org
what are mosses/musci
what are their main phase
leafy green nonvascular plant
main phase: gametophyte
sporophyte is not photosynthetic
forms sporangium
what is the sporangium
diploid organ where meiosis occurs to make haploid spores
liverwort
repro structures
main phase
thallus and gemma
main phase: gametophyte
pores on upper surface for gas exchange
life style:
asexual: gemma cups
sexual: antherdira and archegonida make sperm/egg
what is the antheridia
liverwort
chambers in disks on stalk
houses M gametes
break open to allow sperm to swim away or disperse in rain
what is the archegonia
liverwort
F part of plant
pockets under fingerlike structures on stalks
produces multicell sporophyte when eggs are fertilized
sporophyte is attached and nutritionally dependent on F gametophyte
what is primary growth
UP growth
where can the apical meristem be found
shoot= tips of leaves
roots
what is the axillary bud
where leaf joins to a stem
what are the primary tissues / structures
stem
root
leaves
what are the plant functional groups
dermal: epidermis
vascular: xylem/phloem
ground: everything else
what is xylem
carries water and dissolved ions up stems
cells are dead at maturity and are liginified (supported with ligin)
made of tracheary elements
what are the tracherary elements of xylem called in angiosperms and gymnosperms
angiosperms: vessels
gymnosperms: tracheids
what is phloem
carries sugar
2 cell types:
sieve
companion cells
what is a protostele
circle of vasc tissue surrounded by cortex
what is a siphonostele
hollow circle of vascular tissue
outside of vasc tissue=cortex
inside hollow circle fo vasc tissue= pith
what is eustele
flower pattern of vacular tissue
inside flower pattern=pith
outside of flower pattern=cortex
what is atocatostele
bundles of xylem/phloem thought cell
phloem to the outside
what is secondary growth
out growth
what makes the secondary meristem
vascular cambium: between 1 xylem and 1 phloem
cork cambium
what does the vascular cambium generate
new secondary vascular tissues
2 xylem= wood
2 phloem= grows to interior of cell
is phloem to the inside or outside of the cell
outside
what are seedless vascular plants
xylem and phloem present?
secondary growth?
repro?
tissue arrangement?
possess xylem and phloem
do not exhibit secondary growth
repro via spores
sporic meiosis
alt of gen
tissue arrangement:
microphills: no leaf gap
megaphylls: leaf gap
what do true leaves have
megaphylls= leaf gap
lycophytes
arrangement
leaf type
repro
club moss
low growing in shaded envrio
arrangement: protostele
leaves: microphylls
repro via homo strobili
Strobili
spore dispersal structures
soprophylls: tiny leaves
sporangia: chamber
can be hetero or homo
what are hetero strobili
makes 2 different spores
microspores= M
megaspores= F
what are homo strobili
all spores are identical in size
M/F gametes
leptosporangiate ferns
large shade dwelling
perfect for spore growth
have true leaves
arrangement of vasc tissue: siphonostele
rhizomes and roots
what are megaphylls
fronds
part of fern leaves
fern leaves
megaphylla=fronds
develop from coiled buds= fiddleheads
can be divided or undivided into pinnae
sporangia on the bottom on the frond can be modified
sorus
what is a sorus
cluster of sporangia
covered by indusium= protective membrane
what does the hormone anthridogen do
induces male spore development
what happens to the hermaphrodite population as density of spores increases
hermaphrodie proportion decreases
in the ceratopteris experiment was there a significant depature from the phenotype ration of 1 polka dot to 1 wildtype
yes
more wildtypes
what are leaves
principle organ of photosynthesis
what do true leaves have
leaf gap
complex vasculature
lateral shoot bud/ axiallary bud
what is simple leaf complexity
1 leaf to 1 axillary bud
what is complex leaf complexity
1+ leaflets to 1 axillary bud
what are the leaf arrangement types
opposite
alternate
pinnate
palmate
what are the veination types
parrellel
netted