bio 300 lab real actual from notes

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127 Terms

1

organsimal bio

study of structure / funct/ eco of orgs

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2

taxonomy

organization of systems

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3

photoautotroph

light self food

  • energy from light

  • gets C from co2

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4

photoheterotroph

energy= light

food= glucose

can process light but needs organic C for food

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5

chemoheterotroph

energy/food from glucose (chemicals)

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6

chemoautotroph

process chemicals and makes its own food from co2

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7

anabaena azollae

endosymbiont of water fern

photoauto

had n fixing heterotrophs

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8

what is the vegatative cell in an anabeana

photosynthetic cell

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9

halobacterium salinarum

photohetero

  • uses bacteriohodopsin to harvest light

  • consumes amino acids and other org acids for food

extreme halophile = high salt

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10

what is a simple stain

one dye to stain all bacteria

positively charged

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11

what type of bacterial growth is supported on typic soy

everything

  • pos control

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12

what type of bacterial growth is supported on MacConkey

gram neg

  • if cells turn pink then they metabolize lactose

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13

what type of bacterial growth is supported on Sulfadiazine

resistant bacteria

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14

what type of bacterial growth is supported on tetrecycline

nothing

  • neg control

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15

what is the root of a phylo tree

start

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16

what is the node of a phylo tree

branching point

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17

what are protisits

any euk that is not a plant/animal/fungus

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18

what are flagella

tail like extensions made of microtubles

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19

what are cillia

hair like extensions

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20

pseudopods

hydrostatic movement

  • channel water, extend body, move

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21

what are the types of locomotion

flagella

cillia

pseuodpods

go with the flow (water)

none

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22

phototaxis

to/away light

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23

chemotaxis

to/away from chemicals

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24

tighmotaxis

to/away from touch

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25

psysarum polycephalum

  • amoebozoa supergroup

plasmodia slime mold

  • giant cell with lots of nuclei

movemet: chemotaxis and pseudopods

resting state= sclerotium

has decision making ability

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26

what is the psysarms decsion making ability

can chose the quality/quantity of food

remember where its been

find optimal pathways

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27

paramecium

supergroup: alveolates

movement: cillia

unicellular

  • easy to see components

heterotroph

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28

why do we care what cellular components look like

more we understand about 1 org more we can understand about others

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29

Euglena

excavates

movement: flagella

unicellular

live in brackish water

faculative heterotroph

  • can be heterotroph or can be photosynthetic

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30

trichnoympha

excavates

movement: flagella

unicellular

endosymbiont of termites

  • produce cellulose that break down wood in termite guts

no mitochondria

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31

fucus

stramenophiles

movement: sessile (affixed to)

multicellular

brown kelp

  • fronds=leaves

  • stripe=stem

  • holdfast=root

M/F conceptacles

used as dietary supplement / emulsifier

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32

saprolegnia

  • how does it get food/energy

  • body type

  • repro

strmenophiles

movement: none

chemoheterotroph

body mass of hyphae/filaments

produced M/F gametes

cause plant/animal gametes

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33

what is do saprobic fungi eat

dead things

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34

what is do paracitic fungi eat

living things

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35

foraminifera

rhizaria

movement: pseudopods

chemohetero

marine org

biomineralized with CaCo3

  • limestone

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36

diatoms

stramenoplies

photoauto

unicellular

aquatic

biomineralized with SiO2

  • used to make diatomacious earth

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37

what was the physarum lab recitation experiment

easy vs difficult choice

accuracy and time-decision were measured

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38

what were the results of the physarum lab recitation experiment

sig diff in accuracy in easy vs difficult choice

no sig diff in time-decision in easy vs difficult

speed accuracy trade off in easy treatment

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39

how much o2 is produced by algae

50-70%

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40

what are the characteristics of plants

  • plant synapomorphies

cholorphyll a/b

celluosic cell wall

starch storage in cholorplasts

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41

what are the types of plant life cycles

budding

connjugation

gametic mitosis

sporic meisois

alt of gen

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42

what is budding

asexual repro

  • mitosis / cloning

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43

what is conjugation

2 cells share DNA via a conjugation tube

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44

what is gametic mitosis

diplood —> haploid —> combine haploids —> diploid again

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45

chlamydaomonas

chlorophyte

movement: motile

unicellular

haploid

lives in freshwater

life cycle

  • asexual via mitosis

  • sexual vie gametic mitosis

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46

why might an org do sexual repro rather than asexual repro

sexual reproduction will make adaptations

  • increase survival?

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47

volvox

movement: motile

chlorophyte

100-1000 haploid cells in a gel matrix

life cycle

  • asexual: daughter colonies form inside parent

  • sexual: gametes from at the end of the growing season. dormant zygotes undergo mitosis before germination

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48

spirogyra

freshwater green algae

chlorophyte

life cycle:

  • asexual: fragmentation of filments

  • sexual: conjugation makes thick walled zygotes that overwinter

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49

chara

freshwater

charaphyte

biominerlization of CaCo3 in cell wall

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50

what are some human application of algae

induce autophagy (programmed cell death)→ treat cancer

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51

what is a algal bloom

algae grow expoential and use all the O2

  • no o2 kills algae and all other orgs

lots of algae on surface means underwater plants cannot get sunlight

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52

what are the 3 type of nonvacular land plants

liverwort (hepatophyta)

hornwort (anterophyta)

mosses (musci)

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53

how to you maintain/keep water as a nonvascular plant?

shape and specilized structures

  • cuticle: waxy covering

  • stomata: pores that allow for o2/h2o exchange

  • spores

  • being short/flat

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54

what are the first plants to colonize land after a natural disaster

nonvascular plants

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55

what is the process of “alt of gen”

  1. sporophyte

  2. spores

  3. gamteophye

  4. gamete

  5. zygote

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56

what is a sporophyte

2n multicullular adult that makes spores

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57

what is a spore

halpoid single cell that can grow

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58

what is a gametophte

haploid multicellular adult that makes gametes

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59

what is a gamete

haploid that has to fuse with another to grow

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60

what is a zygote

diploid cell that grows into new org

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61

what are mosses/musci

what are their main phase

leafy green nonvascular plant

main phase: gametophyte

sporophyte is not photosynthetic

  • forms sporangium

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62

what is the sporangium

diploid organ where meiosis occurs to make haploid spores

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63

liverwort

  • repro structures

  • main phase

thallus and gemma

main phase: gametophyte

pores on upper surface for gas exchange

life style:

  • asexual: gemma cups

  • sexual: antherdira and archegonida make sperm/egg

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64

what is the antheridia

  • liverwort

chambers in disks on stalk

houses M gametes

break open to allow sperm to swim away or disperse in rain

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65

what is the archegonia

  • liverwort

F part of plant

pockets under fingerlike structures on stalks

produces multicell sporophyte when eggs are fertilized

sporophyte is attached and nutritionally dependent on F gametophyte

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66

what is primary growth

UP growth

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67

where can the apical meristem be found

shoot= tips of leaves

roots

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68

what is the axillary bud

where leaf joins to a stem

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69

what are the primary tissues / structures

stem

root

leaves

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70

what are the plant functional groups

dermal: epidermis

vascular: xylem/phloem

ground: everything else

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71

what is xylem

carries water and dissolved ions up stems

cells are dead at maturity and are liginified (supported with ligin)

made of tracheary elements

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72

what are the tracherary elements of xylem called in angiosperms and gymnosperms

angiosperms: vessels

gymnosperms: tracheids

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73

what is phloem

carries sugar

2 cell types:

  • sieve

  • companion cells

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74

what is a protostele

circle of vasc tissue surrounded by cortex

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75

what is a siphonostele

hollow circle of vascular tissue

  • outside of vasc tissue=cortex

  • inside hollow circle fo vasc tissue= pith

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76

what is eustele

flower pattern of vacular tissue

inside flower pattern=pith

outside of flower pattern=cortex

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77

what is atocatostele

bundles of xylem/phloem thought cell

  • phloem to the outside

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78

what is secondary growth

out growth

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79

what makes the secondary meristem

vascular cambium: between 1 xylem and 1 phloem

cork cambium

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80

what does the vascular cambium generate

new secondary vascular tissues

  • 2 xylem= wood

  • 2 phloem= grows to interior of cell

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81

is phloem to the inside or outside of the cell

outside

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82

what are seedless vascular plants

  • xylem and phloem present?

  • secondary growth?

  • repro?

  • tissue arrangement?

possess xylem and phloem

do not exhibit secondary growth

repro via spores

  • sporic meiosis

  • alt of gen

tissue arrangement:

  • microphills: no leaf gap

  • megaphylls: leaf gap

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83

what do true leaves have

megaphylls= leaf gap

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84

lycophytes

  • arrangement

  • leaf type

  • repro

club moss

low growing in shaded envrio

arrangement: protostele

leaves: microphylls

repro via homo strobili

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85

Strobili

spore dispersal structures

  • soprophylls: tiny leaves

  • sporangia: chamber

can be hetero or homo

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86

what are hetero strobili

makes 2 different spores

  • microspores= M

  • megaspores= F

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87

what are homo strobili

all spores are identical in size

M/F gametes

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88

leptosporangiate ferns

large shade dwelling

  • perfect for spore growth

have true leaves

arrangement of vasc tissue: siphonostele

rhizomes and roots

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89

what are megaphylls

fronds

part of fern leaves

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90

fern leaves

megaphylla=fronds

develop from coiled buds= fiddleheads

can be divided or undivided into pinnae

sporangia on the bottom on the frond can be modified

  • sorus

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91

what is a sorus

cluster of sporangia

covered by indusium= protective membrane

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92

what does the hormone anthridogen do

induces male spore development

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93

what happens to the hermaphrodite population as density of spores increases

hermaphrodie proportion decreases

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94

in the ceratopteris experiment was there a significant depature from the phenotype ration of 1 polka dot to 1 wildtype

yes

more wildtypes

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95

what are leaves

principle organ of photosynthesis

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96

what do true leaves have

leaf gap

complex vasculature

lateral shoot bud/ axiallary bud

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97

what is simple leaf complexity

1 leaf to 1 axillary bud

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98

what is complex leaf complexity

1+ leaflets to 1 axillary bud

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99

what are the leaf arrangement types

opposite

alternate

pinnate

palmate

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100

what are the veination types

parrellel

netted

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