Nutrition Final

Enable chemical processes in the body

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?

become part of the body structural systems.

Minerals can

Contain more kilograms than protein

Which of the following is not a characteristic of carbohydrates?

Supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body

Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids?

Fats

Gram for gram, which provides the most energy?

Most significant energy source for humans

Which of the following is not a characteristic of protein?

Plant fats

Which of the following yield greater than 4 kilocalories per gram?

Provides energy

Which of the following is not true about water?

Alcohol

Which of the following is not a class of essential nutrients?

Heat energy

A kilocalorie is a measure of

207

A serving of bleu cheese dressing containing 23 grams of fat would yield \_____ kilocalories from fat.

437

A meal consisting of a cheeseburger, large fries, and a chocolate shake provides a total of 1,120 kilocalories. Forty-eight percent of the energy in the meal is from carbohydrate and 13 percent is from protein. How many kilocalories of fat does the meal contain?

Amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during freshman year of college

The "Freshman 15" is the term used to describe the

Heart disease

Which of the following is the leading nutrition-related cause of death in the United States?

Alcohol, carbohydrates, lipids, protein

Which of the following includes all energy-yielding substances?

Lipids and oils

Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?

Carbohydrates

Certain nutrients provide us with energy. Some are important for growth and development. Others act to keep body functions running smoothly. Which of the following nutrients does not promote growth and development as its primary function?

calcium deificiency

Which of the following is not one of the six categories of Healthy People 2020: Nutrition and Weight Status Objectives?

Solid fats

To reduce their risk for many chronic diseases, Americans should limit their intakes of

Phytochemicals

What substances, present in fruits and vegetables provide significant health benefits such as reducing the risk of cancer?

the science that links food to health and disease

Nutrition is

Water

Which class of nutrients comprises 60% of body weight?

154

Shelby weighs 70 kilograms, which is \_____ pounds

Cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health

The essential nutrients

An educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon

Which of the following accurately describes the term hypothesis?

Carbohydrates

Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as

are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs

Adequate Intake (AI)

a generic standard set at or close to the highest RDA value or related nutrient standard

The term "Daily Values" on a food label refers to

Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs.

Which of the following is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status?

estimated calorie needs for the average person of a specific height, weight, age, gender, and physical activity pattern.

EER refers to

Nutrient density can be defined as the amount of

a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kilocalories in that serving.

Orange juice is more nutrient dense for vitamin C than apple juice

One cup of apple juice has 111 kilograms and 1.4mg of vitamin C. The same serving size of orange juice has 112 kilocalories and 124mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density?

Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend which of the following?

Reduction of total calories, sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fat, and sodium

The Dietary Guidelines emphasize

Dietary Assesment

Jeff, a world class triathlete, visits a dietician to obtain sports nutrition advice. During his visits, Jeff is asked to recall what he ate for the past 24 hours. Which part of a nutritional assessment is this?

Biochemical evaluation

Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted, and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy has blood drawn to be tested for concentrations of nutrients and their by-products. This part of the examination is the

Overnutrition

Kate consumes 1,900 kilocalories each day. She requires 1,750 kilocalories to meet daily energy needs. Over time, Kate's kilocalories consumption could lead to

Plan to eat something relatively low in fat and sodium for dinner if she had a breakfast that was high in fat and sodium

Ann Miles, a triathlete, wants to eat a health-promoting diet and achieve dietary adequacy. Which of the following behaviors exemplifies the concept of dietary moderation?

Box of granola bars

By law, which of the following food items must display a nutrition facts label?

The amount per serving of all vitamins and minerals for which there is an RDA

Which of the following is not required on a nutrition label?

150

Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, released in 2008, advise a minimum of \______ minutes per week of moderate intensity physical activity for adults.

Golf ball

Two tablespoons (tbsp) of salad dressing, peanut butter, or margarine is about the size of a

Testimonials about personal experience

In order to make healthful and logical nutrition decisions, beware of

Pay attention to portion size and plan your entire day's diet to that you don't overconsume nutrient sources

Which statement best describes the healthful diet principle of moderation?

The lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases

The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid patterns dietary data from parts of the Mediterranean region that enjoy

Protein

According to MyPlate, eggs belong in the \_______ group

Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their kilocalories

Which statements best describes nutrient density?

Saturated fatty acids

The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting intake of \_____ to less than 10% of calories.

Anthopometry

Measurements of height, weight, body circumferences, and body fat are called

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

The acronym RDA stands for

Sodium and potassium

Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of \______ in the neuron.

Epiglottis

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

Lymphatic

After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?

Mouth

Where does digestion begin?

Small intestine

Most chemical digestion takes place in the

Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?

Liver

Which of the following organs serves as a storage depot for many vitamins and minerals?

Liver

Which of the following body organs produces bile?

Muscular movement of materials through the GI tract

Peristalsis refers to

Peristalsis

The muscular contractions that move through the digestive tract are called

Kidneys

Which of the following is not considered part of the GI tract?

95%

What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?

Phytochemicals

All of the following must be supplied by the diet to support the chemical processes of human physiology except

Protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes

The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to

Bile

Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to facilitate its digestion?

Lungs

To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?

From an area of higher solute concentration to one of lower concentration

In passive absorption, nutrients enter the cell

gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD)

A recurrent and serious form of heartburn is called

Water and minerals

A function of the large intestine is to absorb

Eating dietary fiber

Constipation can best be prevented by

Active absoprtion

Which absorptive process in the small intestine requires a carrier and energy to transport nutrients into absorptive cells?

Mitochondria

The organelles that are known as the power plants or the powerhouses of the cell are the

Thryoid hormone

Which hormone functions in the regulation of the body's metabolic rate?

Colon

Dietary fiber may play a role int eh prevention of \_____ cancer

two monosaccharides

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of

Galactose

The monosaccharides important in nutrition are fructose, glucose, and

Photosynthesis

The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

the term "simple carbohydrates" refers to

Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins

Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?

Glucose

\_____ is the major monosaccharide found in the body

An enzyme that digests starch

Amylase is

maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absorption?

Supply energy

The main function of glucose is to

Lactose

The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and

Muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake

When insulin is released, it causes

Blood glucose

The glycemic index (GI) is a measurement of how a carbohydrate-containing food raises

Proteins in muscles, hear, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs

You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrates per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet?

Lactos

Milk sugar is known as \____

Muscles and liver

The major storage sites for glycogen are

They are absorbed by the small intestine

Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers?

25 to 38

A reasonable and recommended goal for daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams?

Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels

John Fibbernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way for him to do this?

10

The World Health Organization recommends limiting added sugar to \______ percent of our total kilocalories.

Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and strone

Medical conditions related to metabolic syndrome are

arises most commonly in adulthood

Which of the following is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

The least common form of diabetes

all of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus except

600

Sucralose (Splenda) is \_____ times sweeter than sucrose

High HDL cholesterol

Which of the following is not a metabolic syndrome risk indicator?

Diverticula

Low fiber intake can cause constipation and force parts of the large intestine wall out from between the surrounding bands of muscle, forming many small pouches called

Glucose

The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from \____