State Building in Africa

AP WOrld Mrs.Delany

What were the key aspects disseminated during the Bantu migrations?

Linguistics, iron metallurgy, agricultural techniques, and a form of monotheistic faith involving a supreme god and ancestor worship.

What type of faith was practiced by the Bantu people?

A form of monotheistic faith that included worship of a supreme god and ancestor worship.

What technological advancement did the Bantu migrations contribute to?

Iron metallurgy.

What agricultural development was spread during the Bantu migrations?

Agricultural techniques.

How did the Bantu migrations influence language?

They disseminated linguistics, contributing to the spread of Bantu languages.

Who was Ibn Battuta?

A Muslim Moroccan explorer who traveled through Afro-Eurasia.

What time period did Ibn Battuta live in?

1304-1369.

What is significant about Ibn Battuta's travels?

He documented his travels, providing an account of the world during his time.

What was Ibn Battuta's profession before becoming an explorer?

He was trained as a Qadi, an Islamic judge.

What trade surpassed Ghana in Mali?

Gold trade, which was taxed on foreign trade.

What was the primary occupation of most residents in Mali?

Most residents were farmers.

Which two cities in Mali developed into centers of Islamic trade and learning?

Timbuktu and Gao.

Who is Sundiata?

The founding ruler of Mali, also known as the Lion Prince.

What was Sundiata's role in trade?

He facilitated trade by forming alliances with Islamic merchants.

What years did Sundiata reign?

Sundiata reigned from 1235 to 1255.

Who was Mansa Musa?

Sundiata's grand-nephew and a devout Muslim.

What significant event did Mansa Musa undertake?

He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca, distributing gold to people along the way.

What did Mansa Musa do upon returning from his pilgrimage?

He established schools in Timbuktu, built mosques, and sponsored religious studies.

What were the years of Mansa Musa's reign?

He reigned from 1312 to 1337.

Which kingdom overtook Mali after Mansa Musa's reign?

The Songhai Kingdom overtook Mali, but Islam remained influential.

What were the main economic activities in Zimbabwe during the 12-15th centuries?

Agriculture, trade, and gold mining.

With which regions or entities did Zimbabwe trade gold?

Swahili city-states, India, Persia, and China.

What was the capital city of Zimbabwe known for?

Great Zimbabwe was known for its huge stone wall, the first of its size built without mortar.

What led to the abandonment of Great Zimbabwe?

Overgrazing caused the city to be abandoned.

When did the rulers of Axum adopt Christianity?

In the 4th century

What geographical features helped Ethiopia maintain its Christian identity during Islamic expansion?

Mountainous geography and distance from Muslim powers

What significant architectural project was undertaken in Ethiopia in the 12th century?

The construction of 12 linked underground churches to create a new Jerusalem

What percentage of modern Ethiopia maintains ties to the ancient Christian church?

60%

How did Ethiopia's geography contribute to its religious landscape?

It became a Christian island in a Muslim sea due to its mountainous geography.

What is syncretism?

The merging of elements from different cultures

Bantu migrations Causes 1.

Population Growth:

A growing population in their original homeland likely led to increased competition for resources.

Bantu migrations Causes 2.

Climate Change:

Desertification of the Green Sahara around 7000 BCE may have pushed people southward, and subsequent environmental changes in the rainforest region propelled more rapid migration

Bantu migrations Causes 3.

Technological Advantage:

The development and spread of ironworking gave Bantu peoples an advantage, allowing them to create better tools for farming and more effective weapons for conflict and hunting.

Effects of the Bantu Migrations 1.

Linguistic and Cultural Spread:

Hundreds of Bantu languages are spoken today, forming the most significant language family in Africa. The migrations facilitated the exchange of culture, ideas, and traditions across vast areas

Effects of the Bantu Migrations 2.

Agricultural and Technological Development:

The Bantu introduced and spread new agricultural techniques, along with crops like bananas and yams, to various regions. They also disseminated ironworking technology, which transformed economies and societies.

Effects of the Bantu Migrations 3.

Formation of Complex Societies:

The Bantu migrations contributed to the establishment of complex societies and kingdoms in Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa by interacting with and sometimes absorbing or displacing local populations.