North American Geography Quiz 11

Archipelago

A line of islands in the same geological formation

Geological hot spot

A site of intrusive or extrusive volcanic activity of potential activity

Volcanism

Hawaiian Volcanoes are Shield Volcanoes

Lava flow and fissures

\-Hot lava flows very slowly.

\-Long sloping fields (shield like)

\-Some of the largest volcanoes in the World

Trade winds

The prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropic, within the lower portion of the Earth’s atmosphere, hear the equator.

Altitudinal temperature differences

\-Warm climate overall with a few seasonal extremes.

\-Temperature and Precipitation vary with elevation.

\-Precipitation is also affected by orographic uplift in mountainous areas.

Endemic species

\-A type of plant or animal native to it’s current zone of habitation.

\-Haleconia plant

\-L’iwi bird

\-Monk seal

\-Nene Goose

Invasive species

\-Plants and animals that have been transported to new environments by humans.

\-Domesticated animals

\-Rats (from shipping containers)

\-Mongoose

\-Snakes

\-Bingabing Trees

Brown tree snakes in Polynesia

Known for the extinction of 9 out of 13 bird species and electrical outages

Kilauea eruption 2018

\-3 months of constant lava flow from a vent and numerous fissures

\- \~700 homes were destroyed.

\-23 people injured Damage covered 12 square miles of the island.

Polynesian settlement

\-First arrivals \~ 400 A.D.

\-800-1000 A.D. migration from Tahiti to Hawaii

\-2nd wave of migration from 1300 – 1500 A.D.

\-There were 300,000 Native Hawaiians by late 18th century

Polynesian culture and politics

The Polynesians had a worldview of interconnectedness, but their own politics were fragmented.

European/ American settlement

\-1778 C. James Cook & Crew landed in the islands.

\-American settlement of the islands took place in the 19th Century

\--Missionaries, whalers, traders

\--Agriculture development (sugar plantations-Chinese, Japanese and Russian workers)

\--Many natives died of European diseases

Ethnicity in Hawaii

Most of the population is White and Asian

Economic activities

\-Agriculture

\-Tourism

Agriculture

\-Pineapples

\-Coffee beans

\-Macadamia nuts

\-Papaya

\-Lei flowers

\-Cattle

Tourism

\-Mass tourism

\-Pop culture’s tie with tourism

\-Eco-tourism

\-Elasticity of demand

Population centers of Hawaii

Most people live in Honolulu, but many live in Maui or the Hawaii main island

Canadian Shield

\-Immense, ice-scoured plain.

\-Very gentle relief and scattered low hills.

\-Flat and poorly drained.

Tundra

Very dry climate, some places receiving

Taiga

Far northern forests, many needle leaf (coniferous) trees.

Permafrost

Permanently frozen soil, rock or subsurface

Continental Climate

\-Very cold winters

\-Long periods of darkness in the winter

\-Short summers

\-Less agricultural development

\-Problems with permafrost

Impact from the Earth’s axis

Earth’s Angle of Inclination and it’s relation to daylight and temperature

Climate change in the Far North

\-Polar Bear habitat loss

\-Animal migrations

\-Seafaring routes opening in the Arctic

First Nations/Native peoples of the Far North

\-Crees and Ojibways

\-Athabaskan

\-Inuit

European & Russian Settlement

\-Early: Norse/Viking

\--Fishing, trapping, hunting, whaling

\-Later: Mainland Europeans

\--Mining and other resources

Oil and gas exploration in the Far North

European and Russian exploration included the search for minerals and other resources

Yukon Territory

\

Northwest Territories

Nunavut

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

Labrador

Nome

\

Fairbanks

Barrow

Anchorage

Juneau

Alaska

Greenland

Hudson Bay

Baffin Island

Alaskan Range

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Aleutian Islands

Labrador Sea

Hawaii

Maui

Molokai

Lanai

Oahu

Kauai

Niihau

Hilo

Pearl Harbor

Honolulu

Kilauea

Waikiki Beach