History 24

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What was the population of England like in the 1060s compared to today?

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1

What was the population of England like in the 1060s compared to today?

Very low compared to today.

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2

What type of land was predominantly found in southern England during the 1060s?

Mostly bush land.

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3

What did the whole life of people in England in the 1060s revolve around?

The land.

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4

Which region had the closest connections to England in the 1060s?

Scandinavia.

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5

What commonality existed between England and Scandinavia during the 1060s?

Both were Christian and part of the Roman Catholic Church.

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6

What governance issues did England face in the 1060s?

Not well governed, lack of loyalty from earls, and reliance on natural defenses.

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7

Who became the last Saxon king of England in 1066?

Harold Godwinson.

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8

What happened in 1066 following the death of Edward the Confessor?

Harold Godwinson became king and faced challenges from Viking King Hardrada and French Duke William of Normandy.

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9

What was William of Normandy known as after being crowned king?

William the Conqueror.

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10

What system did William introduce to maintain control over England?

Feudalism.

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11

What architectural changes did William introduce after he became king?

New styles of architecture.

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12

What was the basic government and society ranking system in Europe during the Middle Ages?

Feudal system.

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13

What was the role of a king in the feudal hierarchy?

Claimed all land and divided it among nobles.

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14

What do Nobles provide in return for land?

Loyalty to the king, fighting in war, and paying taxes.

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15

What responsibilities did Knights have in the feudal system?

Pledge loyalty to nobles, pay taxes, and protect peasants.

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16

What describes the majority of people in the medieval society?

Peasants.

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17

What are serfs characterized as in medieval society?

More like slaves, owning nothing.

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18

What is a Motte-and-Bailey castle design?

A wooden castle built on a man-made hill surrounded by a moat with a courtyard at the bottom.

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19

What are the advantages of stone castles over wooden ones?

Stronger, taller, and better for defense.

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20

What significant role did the Catholic Church hold during the feudal system?

Supreme authority even over kings.

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21

What was the hierarchical structure of the Church?

Pope -> Bishops -> Parish Priests.

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22

Why was the church considered so rich and powerful?

People had to give 10% of earnings and land donations were common.

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23

What was the Central Conflict during the Middle Ages in England?

Between the authority of the King and the Pope.

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24

What power did a pope have over a king?

Excommunication, suspending the king from the church.

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25

What was the consequence of a king facing excommunication?

All people in his kingdom were also excommunicated.

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26

What did Christians believe about sin and salvation?

Born with sin, needing to live a Catholic life to avoid hell.

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27

What was a pilgrimage?

A spiritual journey to a holy site.

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28

What responsibilities did monks have in society?

Protect society through prayer and community service.

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29

What was the Magna Carta?

The first document to establish that the king is not above the law.

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30

What rights did the Magna Carta establish for barons?

Limited the king's power and set rights under the feudal system.

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31

What was the Bubonic Plague and how was it spread?

Caused by a flea bite, leading to swollen lymph nodes and high fever.

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32

What was the death rate of those infected by the Bubonic Plague?

30-70% died.

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33

What is the most deadly type of plague?

Septicaemic Plague.

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34

What symptoms were associated with the Septicaemic Plague?

Bleeding, organ failure, fever, and dark purple skin.

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35

What percentage of victims died from the Septicaemic Plague?

100% of people died.

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36

Who was at the top of the Inca social structure?

Sapa Inca.

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37

What belief did the Sapa Inca hold about their descent?

Believed to be descended from Inti, the sun god.

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38

What were the three main types of nobles in Inca society?

Capac, Hahua, and Curacas.

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39

What was the role of Curacas in Inca society?

Leaders of conquered peoples and local leaders.

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40

What did commoners do in the Inca Empire?

Supported the government through farming and construction.

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41

What were the main crops grown by the Inca?

Squash, peppers, beans, peanuts, corn, and potatoes.

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42

What was the role of Inca priests?

Caring for temples, making sacrifices, and acting as community healers.

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43

How did the Incas honor their ancestors?

Preserving them as cloth-wrapped mummies and bringing them out for ceremonies.

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44

What was the Inca military known for?

Highly trained, organized, and able to call on ordinary farmers as soldiers.

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45

What were the main weapons used by the Inca army?

Wooden swords, clubs with stone or metal heads, and slings.

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46

What materials were used for Inca clothing?

Wool and cotton.

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47

How did the Inca communicate without a written language?

Using knotted strings called quipus and runners called chasquis.

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48

What were markets used for in Inca society?

Exchanging stories, poetry, music, dancing, and drinking.

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49

What was the purpose of European exploration during the 15th to 17th centuries?

Discovering new trade routes and expanding empires.

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50

What was a key reason Constantinople's fall was significant for trade?

It shut down major trade routes.

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51

Which country became an early leader in exploration due to high technology?

Portugal.

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52

Who was Hernan Cortez and what did he accomplish?

Conquered the Aztec Empire.

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53

What did Christopher Columbus mistakenly discover while searching for a trade route?

America, thinking it was India.

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54

What was the impact of exploration on the European empires?

Became wealthier and expanded territories.

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55

What invention helped the Portuguese during their explorations?

The Caravel boat, made for long trips.

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56

What did the Spanish establish in the Americas?

Colonies and expansion of their empire.

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57

What significant routes did Bartolomeu Dias discover?

Around the southern tip of Africa into the Indian Ocean.

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58

What was the social structure of the Inca Empire?

Sapa Inca, Nobles, and Commoners.

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59

What role did Inca priests play during ceremonies?

Conducting sacrifices and rituals.

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60

How did daily life differ between poor and wealthy Inca families?

Similar clothing styles, but differing quality and color of fabric.

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