Lab 1: Prokaryotes (Bacteria)

Describe prokaryotes.

• Most abundant

• diverse

• Most single celled

Describe Archea.

• Extreme halophiles

• extreme thermophiles

List Prokayote vs Eukarya differences.

P

• No organelles

• No nucleus

• Flagella

E

• Have organelles

• Have nucleus

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?

• Have cell wall/membrane

• DNA

• cytoplasm

What are the three bacteria shapes?

• Cocci spherical

• Bacilli Rod

• Spirula Spiral

What is the function of the cell wall?

• Maintains shape

• Protects

What is peptidoglycan?

• Protein

• Sugar

Explain gram positive.

• Purple (crystal violet)

• Thick layer of peptidoglycan

• more vulnerable to antibiotics

Explain gram negative.

• Thin peptidoglycan layer

• Outer membrane

• Pink

• Higher antibiotic resistance

• retain safrin

What is the metabolism of prokaryotes.

• Autotroph (obtains carbon from inorganic co2)

• Heterotroph (obtain carbon from organic molecules)

How can bacteria resist antibiotics?

• Altering the part the antibiotic attacks

• can pass genes to become resistant

• Over using antibiotics

• not finishing the prescription.

What is the shape and colour of cyanobacteria?

• Green and round.

Name the structures of cyanobacteria.

• Akinetes

• Heterocytes

What are akinetes and what do they do?

• Survival mechanisms that help in extreme conditions

• large and thick walled

What are heterocytes?

Perform nitrogen fixation

What do bacteria look like?

• Circular

• live in colonies