The Mind (Motivation and Emotion) - HOSA Behavioral Health

Emotion

A combination of arousal, physical sensation, and subjective feelings that occur spontaneously in response to environmental stimuli

Motivation

A process that arouses, maintains, and guides behaviour towards a goal

Homeostasis

A state of steady internal balance or equilibrium.

Set Points

Certain core values such as core temperature, body weight, and fluid levels

Drive

A state of arousal/tension triggered by stimuli important for survival

Drive Reduction

A state of relief/reward produced by removing the tension of the drive state

External and internal hunger cues

External: time of day, sight/smell of food, social settings

Internal: generated by body when we are short on nutrients → stomach contractions, low levels of sugar, low levels of stored fat

Leptin

A hormone secreted by fat cells that helps maintain appropriate fat levels

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Participates in sensing satiety

Cholecytokinin (CKK)

Gut hormone participating in satiety. Released by the gut in response to food.

Obesity is influenced by…

genetics, stress, sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, social factors

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by maintenance of extremely low body weight and distorted self image

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by bingeing, purging, and feelings of depression/disgust

Binge-Eating Disorder

Eating disorder characterized by eating abnormally large amounts of food at one sitting and feeling that your eating is out of control, without compensatory behaviours lie purging (vomiting, laxatives)

Estrus

Period of the day in which females (of most mammalian species) are receptive towards intercourse. Receptiveness is linked towards high levels of testosterone.

How does competition affect male testosterone methods?

Following competition, testosterone continues to rise in the winner and fall in the loser. Decrease is more dramatic when loss happens at home.

Achievement Motivation

The motivation to excel. Differences from person to person in this aspect seem similar to personality traits (interacts with opportunities in their environment, show little change over time)

Yerkes'-Dodson Law

A description of the relationship between arousal, task complexity, and performance.

Amygdala and insula participate in emotions by…

Aid in identifying emotional stimuli and the initiation of arousal in response to them

Cingulate Cortex and basal ganglia participate in emotions by…

Cingulate Cortex is a gateway between the amygdala and also a gateway for pain detection. The basal ganglia organizes action in response to the emotions felt.

Activity in each cerebral hemisphere is correlated with… (different for left and right)

Left side →positive emotions

Right side → negative emotions

Display Rule

A cultural norm expressing where, when, and how an emotion should be expressed

Emotional Intelligence

Our ability to recognize, understand, perceive and use emotions

James-Lange Theory

Theory of emotion stating that physical sensations lead to subjective feelings

Cannon-Bard Theory

Theory of emotion stating that physical sensations and subjective feelings occur simultaneously yet independantly

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

Theory of emotion stating that physical sensations lead to assessment which leads to subjective feelings