Evolution and Classification Terminology

These flashcards cover key terminology related to evolution, classification, and the processes that drive changes in species over time.

Evolution

The process through which species change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.

Classification

The systematic grouping of organisms based on shared characteristics.

Species

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Trait

A specific characteristic or feature of an organism.

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of organisms.

Phylogeny

The evolutionary history and relationships among species.

Phylogenetic Tree

A diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.

Characteristic(s)

Distinguishing features or qualities of an organism.

Advantageous Trait

A trait that provides a benefit for survival and reproduction.

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Artificial Selection

The intentional breeding of organisms with desirable traits by humans.

Fitness

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Variation

Differences in physical or behavioral traits among individuals in a population.

Adaptation

A characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.

Competition

The struggle between organisms for resources such as food, space, and mates.

Speciation

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Homologous Structures

Anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry.

Analogous Structures

Body parts in different species that perform similar functions but do not share a common ancestry.

Vestigial Structures

Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.

Niche

The role or function of an organism or species within an ecosystem.

Gene pool

The total collection of genes in a population at any one time.