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how is ammonia manufactured?
the Haber Process. the raw materials are nitrogen and hydrogen
where are the raw materials obtained from?
nitrogen: fractional distillation of liquid air
hydrogen: cracking or breaking down of crude oil fractions
what is a reversible reaction?
a reaction that can go both forward and backward at the same time
what is the equation for the Haber process?
why does the forward reaction not take place at room temperature?
nitrogen gas is unreactive at room temperature. a high temperature and pressure is needed to start the forward reaction. iron is a catalyst to speed up the reaction
what is the effect of pressure on the yield of ammonia?
higher pressure leads to higher yield of ammonia and faster reaction
maintaining high pressure is expensive
compromise pressure of 200atm is used
what is the effect of temperature on the yield of ammonia?
lower temperature leads to higher yield of ammonia because it reduces decomposition of ammonia
lower temperature also slow down reaction
compromise temperature of 450 used
what is the purpose of catalyst?
reaction is slow despite high temp and pressure
iron catalyst added to speed up reaction
what are the optimal conditions for the Haber process? (maximum yield of ammonia at minimum cost)
pressure of 250atm
temperature of 400
finely-divided iron catalyst
inside of a Haber process
blue hydrated copper(ii) sulfate
ammonium chloride
sulfur trioxide
Note 
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