Past Particples & Present Perfect & Future Tense

What do Past Participles Do

• Express a completed action

• Used as adjectives

Past Participle Formation for ar/er/ir verbs

• Use infinitive, remove ar,er,ir ending, add participle

• ar verbs end in ado, Ex: estudiar → estudiado

• er verbs end in ido, Ex: comer → comido

• ir verbs end in ido, Ex: vivir → vivido

Past Participle Formation for ar/er/ir verbs that end in a vowel after ending is removed

• ALL verbs have an ído ending

• traer → traído

• creer → creído

• oir → oído

Irregular Past Participles

• abrir → abierto

• cubrir → cubierto

• escribir → escrito

• morir → muerto

• volver → vuelto

• poner → puesto

• ver → visto

• decir → dicho

• hacer → hecho

past participle used as adjective ****

• must agree in number and gender

• ex: la puerta está cerrada (the door is closed)

• El árbol muerto (the tree died)

What is Present Perfect Used For

• to say something have/has…

Present Perfect Formation

haber + past participle

(*Remember* Past Participle does not change to match gender*)

Ex: hemos corrido (we have run)

Han comido (they have eaten)

Haber conjugations present regular

he

has

ha

hemos

han

Future Tense Formation

• THE SAME FOR AR/ER/IR

1. Use Verb in infinitve

2. add future tense endings

é

ás

á

emos

án

Irregular Future Tense, drop e = 4

• poder → podr

• querer → querr

• saber → sabr

• haber → habr

Irregular Future Tense, drop e or i and add d = 4

• poner → pondr

• salir → saldr

• tener → tendr

• venir → vendr

Irregular Future Tense, omit letters = 4

decir → dir

hacer → har

obtener → obtendr