Human Anatomy Unit 1 Quiz 5

What is the function of tissues in our body?

Contribute to homeostasis by providing support, protection & communication between cells

Describe the arrangement of epithelial tissue.

These cells are arranged in continuous sheets of one or more layers; they are closely packed together

apical surface

the top of the epithelial cell, which faces the body surface or inside (lumen) of an organ of blood vessel; may have specialized structures like villi (increases the surface area)

lateral surfaces

the sites where adjacent epithelial cells interconnect, forming tightly packed contiguous cells

basal surface

anchored in an extracellular matrix (basement membrane)

What surfaces are found in epithelial cells?

apical, lateral, and basal

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

serve as a protective barrier, secrete substances (such as hormones and digestive juices), and absorb substances

What are the functions of connective tissue?

connects, supports, insulates, compartmentalizes, transports, stores energy, serves immune function

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

widely spaced cells and extracellular matrix

Define extracellular matrix.

Fluids, protein fibers & other substances produced by the cells; determines quality of connective tissue (e.g. firm & pliable like cartilage or inflexible like bone)

What are the categories and subcategories of connective tissue?

• Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue and loose connective tissue

• Specialized connective tissue: cartilage, bone, blood

What are the types of connective tissue proper?

loose and dense connective tissue

Define loose connective tissue.

the fibers of loose connective tissue are not tightly intertwined between cells

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

areolar, adipose, reticular

Areolar connective tissue

for strength, elasticity & support; found beneath skin & around blood vessels

Where is areolar connective tissue found?

beneath skin and around blood vessels

Adipose connective tissue

cells store fat for insulation & energy reserve

Where is adipose connective tissue found?

beneath skin, between organs, and in inner cavities of bone

Reticular connective tissue

form supporting framework of some organs like lymph glands, liver, and spleen

Where is reticular connective tissue found?

lymph glands, liver, and spleen

Define dense connective tissue.

has thicker fibers and fewer cells compared to loose connective tissue

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

Define dense regular connective tissue.

fibers are arranged in regular pattern, giving it strength in one direction; found in tendons & ligaments

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

tendons and ligaments

Define dense irregular connective tissue.

not a regular arrangement, giving it strength in many directions; found in skin & the covering of bones and organs

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

in skin and the covering of bones and organs

Define dense elastic connective tissue.

branched fibers that have the ability to recoil after being stretched; found in large arteries & bronchial tubes

Where is dense elastic connective tissue found?

large arteries and bronchial tubes

Define cartilage.

dense network of fibers embedded in gel-like substance; can withstand more stress

What are the types of cartilage?

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Define hyaline.

cartilage found between joints

Define fibrocartilage.

cartilage found between intervertebral disks (vertebral column)

Define elastic.

cartilage found in the ear

Define bone tissue, its function, and structure

makes up the skeleton; acts as a storage for calcium and phosphorus, produces blood cells, stores fat; dense, mineral-filled extracellular matrix

Define blood tissue.

a liquid connective tissue; blood cells float in a watery extracellular matrix of plasma

Define muscular tissue and its function.

Made of long cells called muscle fibers (can contract and relax); produce movement, maintain posture, produce heat

What are the types of muscular tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Where is skeletal tissue found?

attached to bones

Where is cardiac tissue found?

walls of heart

Where is smooth tissue found?

walls of organs and vessels

Define nervous tissue and its function.

consists of nerve cells called neurons & support cells called neuroglia; convert stimuli to electrical signals & transmit them to other areas of the body