Biology Chapter 4 Vocab

Nucleus

Site where the chromatin is located

Chromatin

Combination of DNA and histone proteins

Nucleus envelope

Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the nucleus

Nucleolus

Area of condensed chromatin. Site where ribosomes are produced.

Ribosome

Site of intracellular protein synthesis.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of extracellular protein synthesis. Composed of folded membranes covered in ribosomes.

Smooth ER

Site where lipids are produced. Also helps clean (detoxify) the cell. *No ribosomes here*

Cytosol

The liquid of the cell that the organelles are found in

Golgi complex

Site of protein modification and packaging for extracellular shipment

Lysosome

Site of intracellular digestion. Contains hydrolytic enzymes.

Vacuole

Site of water storage in plants. Fills with water for more structural support.

Mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

Chloroplast

Carbohydrate producing organelle. Site of photosynthesis.

Peroxisome

-turns toxins into hydrogen peroxide of H2O2
Contains the enzyme catalase which turns H2O2 into water

Cytockeleton

Used for cellular structure and support includes microtubules > intermediate filaments > microfilaments

Cytoplasm

Everything outside of the nucleus but still within the cell.

Plasa membrane

Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell. Is selectively permeable.

Light Microscope (Compound Microscope)

light passes through a specimen producing an enlarged image of the object of the specimen
-the lenses bend the light so the image of the specimen is magnified

Electron Microscope

focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface
-distinguishes biological structures as small as 2 nm

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

used to see 2-D image of internal structures

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

used to see the 3-D image of a surface

Coarse Focus Knob

Fine Focus Knob

Objective Lenses

Condenser

focuses light through the specimen

Iris Diaphragm

controls the amount of light passing through the specimen