Wars of the Roses and Tudor England: History Past Exam Papers, A Level AQA

How important was the Duke of Somerset in preventing Richard of York from dominating English government until 1453?

While the Duke of Somerset played a role in the Wars of the Roses, preventing Richard of York from dominating the English government until 1453 was a result of a combination of factors, including military conflicts, the involvement of other influential figures, and the power struggle between the houses of Lancaster and York.

How politically influential was Margaret of Anjou between 1450 and 1459?

Between 1450 and 1459, Margaret of Anjou was a politically influential figure, actively engaging in the Wars of the Roses. Her role was marked by military leadership, strategic alliances, and a determined defense of the Lancastrian cause against the Yorkist opposition.

To what extent did Edward IV strengthen royal finances during the ‘decade of peace’ from 1471?

Edward IV implemented a range of measures during the 'decade of peace' to strengthen royal finances, however, the long-term financial stability of the Crown remained an issue.

By the end of 1484, Richard III was in an extremely weak position as king. Is this correct?

Yes if we consdier his political isolation, challenges to legitimacy, and the erosion of widespread support.

Was the weakness of Richard III’s position in 1484–85 what enabled Henry Tudor to take the throne?

While Richard III faced weaknesses and challenges that contributed to his political vulnerability, Henry Tudor's successful navigation of political alliances, foreign support, and his image as a unifying figure were equally crucial in his ability to take the throne.

Were local issues the most significant reason for rebellion during the reign of Henry VII?

Although local issues were important, broader political and economic issues also played a significant role.

Was ending support for rival claimants to the throne the greatest success of Henry VII’s foreign policy?

While ending support for rival claimants was a significant factor, the establishment of a stable internal environment was critical for Henry VII's success in foreign policy.

Was the main aim of English foreign policy in the years 1509 to 1529 achieving peace in Europe?

No, because England's actions in military engagements, territorial ambitions, and dynastic concerns indicate a multifaceted approach to foreign relations.

Was support for Catherine of Aragon the main reason for opposition to Henry VIII in the years 1529 to 1534?

While support for Catherine of Aragon was a significant factor in the opposition to Henry VIII between 1529 and 1534, it was just one of a broader set of factors including religious, political, dynastic, and social.

How important was the death of Cromwell to the religious changes of the 1540s?

Cromwell's death in 1540 was pivotal to the religious changes of the 1540s, as it led to a shift in policies, the reversal of some Protestant-leaning reforms, and the rise of more conservative influences in the English court.

Did the Church of England become completely Protestant in the years 1547 to 1553?

While there were significant Protestant reforms during Edward VI's reign, the Church of England did not become entirely Protestant in the years 1547 to 1553.

How far, in the years 1547 to 1569, did concerns over the succession threaten the stability of England?

Worries about who would be the next ruler did cause some issues, especially during Edward VI's time. However, the smooth transitions of power and smart leadership, particularly by Elizabeth I, helped England avoid major problems and maintain overall stability.

Social and economic grievances, rather than religious discontent, were the main causes of rebellion in the years 1549 to 1569. Is this correct?

Partially, because a mix of social, economic, and religious factors contributed to rebellion.

To what extent, by 1571, had Elizabeth I solved the religious problems which had faced Edward VI and Mary I?

By 1571, Elizabeth I had made significant strides in addressing religious problems through the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, establishing a compromise that allowed for religious flexibility and stability in England.

How effectively did Elizabeth deal with the threat from Spain in the years 1558 to 1589?

Elizabeth's effective leadership during this time secured England and strengthened her legacy as a skilled monarch.

How successful was Elizabeth I’s foreign policy in the years 1568 to 1589?

Elizabeth I's foreign policy from 1568 to 1589 was largely successful, marked by diplomatic finesse, military victories like the defeat of the Spanish Armada, and strategic alliances that preserved England's security and influence.