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popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, republicanism, individual rights
What are the 7 principles of government
It outlines the rights and basic freedoms of the citizens and it was added to make the anti-federalists happy at the constitutional convention
What is the Bill of Rights? Why was it added to the Constitution?
James Madison because he wrote most of it
Who is the Father of the Constitution? Why is he called that?
Preamble, Articles, Bill of Rights
What are the 3 parts of the Constitution?
Sets forth the goals of the nation
What is the purpose of the Preamble?
Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rosseau, Voltaire
Who are the 5 Enlightenment thinkers
none
What is Hobbes’ contribution to the Constitution?
inspired Jefferson in the doi and the bill of rights helps to protect the unalienable rights of the people
What is Locke’s contribution to the Constitution?
We have 3 branches of government and their powers are outlined in Articles I, II, and III
What is Montesquieu’s contribution to the Constitution?
US citizens continue to give their permission to the government to allow themselves to be governed
What is Rousseau’s contribution to the Constitution?
First Amendment of the BoR; Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
What is Voltaire’s contribution to the Constitution?
Ratification
An official approval
Popular Sovereignty
The idea that political authority belongs to the people
Limited Government
The power of government is limited by the Constitution, and each branch is limited in what it can do; Everyone must obey the law
Separation of Powers
Principle of government that divides the powers of the government into 3 branches
Checks and Balances
A system that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful by allowing each branch certain checks on the others
Federalism
A system of government in which power is distributed between the national government and the state governments
Republicanism
Principle of government based on the belief that people exercise their political power by voting for representatives
Individual Rights
Personal liberties and privileges of citizens located in the Bill of Rights
Amendments
Official changes to the Constitution
Elastic Clause
“Necessary and proper” clause; Article I Section 8; Grants Congress the power to create laws needed to address new or unexpected issues
Apolitical
What judges were supposed to be; outside politics; not involved/interested in politics
Representatives
Article IV says that people have control of their government through these…
Bicameral legislature
Type of legislature proposed by the Great Compromise that we still have today
Preamble
Sets forth the goals of the nation; Introduction to the US Constitution
Miranda Rights
Amendments 4 + 5; “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law…”
Penumbra
Group of rights taken from other rights directly protected in the Bill of Rights; created by the 1st + 4th +5th + 9th amendments
Double Jeopardy
Can’t be tried for the same crime twice
Concurrent powers
Powers shared by the federal and state governments
Delegated powers
Powers exercised exclusively by the federal government
Reserved powers
Powers exercised exclusively by the state governments
Petition
To make a formal request of the government
Veto
To cancel
None
National Republicans
None
Know-Nothing Party
Buchanan
Northern Democrats
Johnson
Southern Democrats
Alexander Hamilton
Federalists
Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republicans
Andrew Jackson
Jacksonian Democrats
John Quincy Adams
National Republicans
Henry Clay
Whigs
None
Know-Nothing Party
Martin Van Buren
Free Soil Party
John C. Fremont
Republican Party
Stephen Douglas
Northern Democratic Party
John Breckinridge
Southern Democratic Party
Federalists
Promoted government by wealthy, like strong national government, supported by business people, supporters of industry, banking, and manufacturing, favored a British alliance, used Elastic Clause to expand the power of government
Democratic-Republicans
Liked small national government and strong state government, wanted the government to save money (fiscally conservative), Supporters of average Americans →Farmers, Strict interpretation of the Constitution, Favored alliance with France
Jacksonian Democrats
Liked small, limited government, opposed tariffs (southern), supported the common man →democracy so more white men could vote
National Republicans
supported former federalist ideas like… strong national government, building public works projects = roads, canals, etc.
Whigs
Founded in opposition to Jacksonian Democrats + National Republicans, promoted banking and protected tariffs to help businesses grow, disliked by farmers, liked by businessmen, favored a weak president + strong congress
Know-Nothing Party
1850s, focused on anti-immigration = made it hard for foreigners to hold office and become citizens, against having catholics and immigrants in government, supported traditional religious and political views = protestant
Free Soil Party
1848, wanted to keep slavery in the east and maintain free soil in the west, anti-slavery northerners who supported the Wilmot Proviso (1846) → attempt to ban slavery in newly acquired territory from Mexico, Lincoln begins his career in this party
Republican Party
1854: Northern Whigs and Free Soilers joined together to make this party, anti-slavery in the west, pro-railroad + pro-education, wanted equal rights for African Americans
Northern Democratic Party
Split the Democratic Party in the election of 1860 →guaranteed Lincoln the win, Main stance = wanted to allow Popular Sovereignty in debate over slavery in the territories
Southern Democratic Party
“True Party” of the American Deep South in the 1860s, supported the protection of slavery (whole purpose), supported by Deep South in the election of 1860
Article I
Legislative Branch
Article I, Section 8
Powers the Congress CAN DO
Article I, Section 9
Powers Congress CANNOT DO
Article II
Executive Branch
Article III
Judiciary Branch
Article IV
Relationship between the state + federal governments; Republicanism
Article V
Amendment process
Article VI
The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land
Article VII
Constitution is established once nine states of the thirteen ratify it
Veto
cancel
Executive Orders
These commands have the power of laws
Pardons
Freedom from punishments
Thurgood Marshall
1st African American US Supreme Court Justice + represented as a lawyer the national
Sandra Day O’Connor
Associate justice of the US Supreme Court + the 1st woman appointed to the court
James Madison
“Father of the Constitution” and author of the BoR
Majority Rule
Ideas that the greatest number of people in society can make policies for everyone
Petition
make a request of the government
Search Warrant
order that gives authorities permission to search someone’s property
Due Process
law must be fairly applied + government can’t punish anyone without it
Double Jeapordy
A person can’t be tried again for the same crime
Eminent Domain
Power to take personal property to benefit the public
Apolitical
Outside politics;not involved/interested in politics
Penumbra
a group of rights taken from other rights directly protected in the BoR; 1 + 4 + 5 + 9
Delegated Powers
Powers exercised/used by the Federal government
Reserved Powers
Powers exercised/used by the State Government
Civic Rights
Right specifically protected in the BoR
Concurrent Powers
Powers exercised/used/shared by state + federal governments
Civic Responsibilites
Things you should do but don’t have to; necessary for democracy for work
Civic Duties
THings citizens are required to do by law
Note 
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