WAS Spanish Civil War Noun Check

Generalismo

commander in chief

Cult of the Claudillo

extensive personality cult and propaganda campaign that surrounded General Franco during his rule.

Seperatists

A separatist is an individual or group that advocates for the separation or secession of a specific region or territory from a larger political entity or country. In the context of the Spanish Civil War, there were regional separatist movements, such as those in Catalonia and the Basque Country, which sought greater autonomy or independence from the central Spanish government.

anti-clerical

opposition or hostility toward the influence and power of the clergy and the Catholic Church.

Latifundia

feudal, agricultural estates in Spain, typically owned by a small number of wealthy landowners

left-wing/right-wing

In a political context, left-wing and right-wing refer to opposing political ideologies and positions. Left-wing typically advocates for social equality and progressive policies, while right-wing leans toward conservatism and traditional values.

Polikarpov I-15 & I-16, Messerschmitt Bf 109, Tupolev SB-2, Heinkel 111

names of various aircraft used by different sides during the Spanish Civil War.

Guerra Celeré

military strategy characterized by rapid and overwhelming attacks, often involving coordinated air, ground, and armored forces

Guerrilla Tactics

Guerrilla tactics involve irregular warfare, often conducted by small, mobile, and lightly armed groups.

Conditional Surrender

surrender in which terms have been agreed between the sides beforehand

Internal Civil Conflict

a conflict within a single country, often characterized by political, social, or ideological divisions and violence

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Civil Marriage

a legal marriage ceremony conducted by a government authority, typically without religious involvement.

Junta

a military group ruling a country after seizing power

Miguel Primo de Rivera

Right wing dictator of Spain 1923-1930; removed from power when he lost the support of the army.

King Alfonso XIII

King in Spain who was forced to abdicate power. He was replaced with a Republic in 1931.

Alejandro Lerroux

Spanish politician who led the Radical Republican Party. He served as Prime Minister of Spain during various periods in the 1930s.

Nicoletto Alcala Zamora

Niceto Alcalá-Zamora was a Spanish lawyer and politician who served as the first President of the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1936.

Largo Caballero

A Spanish politician and trade unionist. He was one of the historic leaders of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and of the Workers' General Union

Jose Maria Gil Robles

(1898 -1980) Was a right-wing journalist who supported the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and opposed the Second Republic. He formed CEDA in 1933, which was basically antidemocratic and supported Franco. He was forced to dissolve his party in 1937, and he played little part in post-war Spain.

General Jose Sanjurjo

Director of the Civil Guard. Attempted a military coup against the government to seize madrid, but failed and was exiled. Began planning to overthrow the Popular Front after Manuel Azana took over presidency but died in a plane crash. significance: failure of his coup would lead to civil war

Indalecio Prieto

Spanish politician, a minister and one of the leading figures of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in the years before and during the Second Spanish Republic.

Santiago Casares Quiroga

Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of the Army of Spain during the early days of the Spanish Civil War as part of the Republican government.

General Emilio Mola

Lead military coup

Antonio de Oliveira Salazar

He emerged as a dictator of Portugal in 1926 after army officers overthrew the Portuguese republic. He was a professor of economics.

General Yagüe

prominent military leader in the Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War.

Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)

Dr. Juan Negrin

(left) replaces Largo Caballero as Republican Prime minister

Leon Blum

French politician who served as Prime Minister of France. France played a role in supporting the Republican side in the conflict.

Federica Montseny

Spanish anarchist and one of the few women to serve as a government minister during the Spanish Civil War. She held the position of Minister of Health and Public Assistance in the Republican government.

Dolores Ibárruri

Spanish communist and prominent figure in Republican propaganda. She was known for her passionate speeches in support of the Republican cause.

Lina Odena

Spanish Republican Martyr

Pact of San Sebastián

political agreement signed on August 17, 1930, in the city of San Sebastián, Spain. It was a crucial document in the lead-up to the Second Spanish Republic. The pact brought together various political and republican groups with the goal of ending the monarchy and establishing a republic in Spain.

Agrarian Reform Law

address the unequal distribution of land in Spain by expropriating and redistributing large estates to peasants and agricultural laborers.

Law of Obligatory Cultivation

required landowners to cultivate their land or lease it to others for agricultural production, with the aim of ensuring the availability of food and agricultural products during the conflict.

Law of Municipal Boundaries

1931, stopped landowners hiring more cheep labor from other rural areas

Catalan Statute

legal document that outlines the level of self-governance and autonomy granted to the Catalonia region within Spain.

Law for the Defense of the Republic

aimed at suppressing and penalizing political opponents of the Republican government. It involved various measures to maintain control and suppress dissent.

Non-Intervention Agreement

international agreement signed by several countries during the Spanish Civil War. It was an attempt to prevent foreign intervention and the supply of arms to both the Republican and Nationalist sides. However, the agreement was not consistently enforced.

A Preliminary Official Report on the Atrocities Committed in Southern Spain in July and August 1936

documented the atrocities and violence that occurred in southern Spain during the initial stages of the Spanish Civil War. It was an early attempt to compile information about the conflict's impact on civilians and communities.

Labor Charter

set of labor laws or regulations that govern workers' rights and conditions. During the Spanish Civil War, there were efforts to implement labor reforms and workers' rights, and various labor charters were introduced to address these issues.

Decree of Unifications (1936)

order issued during the Spanish Civil War by the Nationalist government led by General Francisco Franco. It involved the consolidation and unification of various right-wing political and military factions into a single, cohesive Nationalist force.

Pronunciamientos

form of military coup or rebellion that played a role in Spanish political history. They involved the declaration of opposition by military leaders against a government or regime.

17th July 1936

beginning of the Spanish Civil War when the military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic, led by General Francisco Franco and other Nationalist leaders, started in Spanish Morocco and mainland Spain.

Bolshevik Revolution

took place in Russia in 1917. It led to the establishment of a communist government under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party. It had an impact on political ideologies and conflicts around the world, including Spain.

Three Major Elections

Refers to three significant elections in Spain: June 1931, November 1933, and February 1936. These elections were pivotal moments in the lead-up to and during the Spanish Civil War and marked shifts in political power.

Casas Viejas in Cadiz

village in the province of Cádiz, Spain, where a violent incident occurred in 1933. Known as the "Casas Viejas Anarchist Uprising," it was a notable event in the lead-up to the Spanish Civil War.

Uprising at Asturias

Asturian miners' strike and uprising in October 1934 was a significant event that involved labor and leftist forces in the Asturias region of Spain. It was brutally suppressed by the government.

Gil-Robles Plot

right-wing politician, was accused of involvement in a conspiracy against the Republican government. This plot contributed to the political tensions before the Spanish Civil War.

Assassination of José Calvo-Sotelo

right-wing Spanish politician. His assassination in July 1936 contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, as it led to an increased radicalization and tensions between political factions.

Mérida and Badajoz

cities in western Spain. They were significant locations in the early stages of the Spanish Civil War and witnessed fighting and conflict.

Morocco on 17th July 1936

initial uprising against the Republican government in Spanish Morocco on July 17, 1936, marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

Massacre of Badajoz

Badajoz witnessed a brutal massacre during the Spanish Civil War in August 1936, when Nationalist forces took the city.

Talavera de la Reina

city in Spain that witnessed military actions and battles during the Spanish Civil War.

Fortress of Alcázar near Toledo

Nationalist stronghold and played a key role in the conflict.

Casa de Campo

large park in Madrid that saw military actions and served as a battlefield during the Spanish Civil War.

Málaga Campaign

military operation during the Spanish Civil War, involving the capture of the city of Málaga by Nationalist forces.

Guadalajara Campaign

series of battles near the city of Guadalajara during the Spanish Civil War.

Vizcaya Campaign

military actions in the Biscay region (Vizcaya in Spanish) of northern Spain during the Spanish Civil War.

Bilbao

a major city in the Basque Country and was a significant location during the Spanish Civil War, witnessing battles and conflicts.

Gijón

a city in Asturias that was involved in fighting during the Spanish Civil War.

Barcelona

the capital of Catalonia, played a crucial role in the Spanish Civil War. It was a stronghold of Republican forces.

Ibro Offensive

The Republican government, facing significant challenges and losses, launched the Ebro Offensive as a desperate attempt to regain the initiative and break the Nationalist siege of Catalonia.

Surrender of Madrid on March 27th, 1939

marked the end of the Spanish Civil War when Madrid, the Republican capital, fell to Nationalist forces. This event effectively concluded the conflict and led to the victory of General Francisco Franco's Nationalists.

Union General de Trabajadores (UGT)

Definition: The socialist federation which was left and worked to help the Spanish working class.

Significance: Had an argument with the CNT and how their doctrines had a powerful hold on the working class, which led to their feud and issues for the left.

Anarcho-Syndicalist

An anarchic belief in which proponents desire the central authority of the state to be replaced by the operation of control by trade unions

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT)

CNT is a prominent anarcho-syndicalist labor union in Spain. It has a history of advocating for workers' rights and was actively involved in labor struggles and the Spanish Civil War.

Liga Regionalista

political organization that advocated for the recognition of Catalonia's distinct regional identity and autonomy.

Basque Partido Nacionalista Vasco

political party representing the interests of the Basque Country and advocating for greater autonomy or independence for the Basque region.

Falange

far-right nationalist political organization founded by José Antonio Primo de Rivera. It later merged with Franco's forces during the Spanish Civil War.

Spanish Socialist Party (PSOE)

center-left political party in Spain with a history of participation in Spanish politics and governance.

Radical Party

represented centrist or center-left positions in Spanish politics.

Arbitration Committees

bodies established to mediate and resolve labor disputes between workers and employers.

Anarchist

individuals or groups advocating for a society without government or hierarchical authority, emphasizing direct action and individual autonomy.

Iberian Anarchist Federation (Federacion Anarquista Iberica - FAI)

significant anarchist organization that operated in Spain

Confederación Española

Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA), a right-wing political party during the Second Spanish Republic.

Catholic Church

Catholic Church has been a prominent institution in Spain, influencing cultural, moral, and political aspects of Spanish society. It has often played a role in political matters and was involved in various political and social debates.

Spanish Military

encompassed various factions and divisions during the Spanish Civil War, with different units and leaders aligned with either the Nationalist or Republican sides.

Army of Africa

Spanish and Spanish Moroccan troops stationed in Spanish Morocco

International Brigades

Volunteers from the UK, US, and France who helped fight against the Fascists in Spain

Condor Legion

Condor Legion was a German military unit sent to support the Nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War, providing air and ground support and gaining combat experience that would later be used in World War II.

Popular Army

Republican regular army organized in September 1937

Requetés

Carlist militias that supported the Nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War, motivated by their Carlist and traditionalist beliefs.

Phalanges

Falangist political organization that supported General Franco's Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War. It was known for its authoritarian and nationalist ideology.

Carlist Alfonsists

supporting different pretenders to the Spanish throne during the early 20th century. Carlists supported the Carlist claimant, while Alfonsists supported the Alfonsine claimant to the throne.

FET

official name of the political organization created by Franco's regime after the Spanish Civil War. It merged various right-wing groups and became the sole legal political party in Spain during Franco's rule.

Constitutional Monarchy

A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution.

Cortes

name for the Spanish parliament, which consists of two houses: the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. During the Second Spanish Republic, the Cortes played a significant role in the governance of the country.

Caciques

caciques referred to local political bosses or leaders who wielded significant influence in their regions, often through a combination of political power, patronage, and control of local resources.

Institute of Agrarian Reform

established during the Spanish Second Republic. It aimed to address issues of land distribution and agrarian reform, particularly by redistributing land to landless peasants.

Catalan Parliament:

egislative body of the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain. During the Second Spanish Republic, Catalonia had a degree of self-governance.

Assault Guards

An armed police force, similar to the Civil Guard, established by the Republican government

defense counsel

legal representatives who defend individuals or groups in legal proceedings. In the context of the Spanish Civil War, defense counsel may have been involved in legal cases related to the conflict.

Fact-Finding Committees

appointed to gather information and investigate specific issues or events. In the context of the Spanish Civil War, such committees may have been formed to examine incidents, gather evidence, and provide reports on various aspects of the conflict.

Paul Preston

socio-political complexities of the conflict and its impact on Spain. He has written extensively on the Spanish Civil War, including the biography of Francisco Franco, offering a comprehensive perspective on the war and its legacy.

Ricardo de la Cerva

reflects a Spanish viewpoint on the conflict, and he has written about various aspects of the war, including the roles of individuals and political groups.

Joaquin Aurarras

His perspective likely aligns with the Spanish nationalist or Francoist view of the conflict.

Gerald Brennan

English author and war correspondent who wrote about his experiences during the Spanish Civil War. His work, "The Face of Spain," provides a firsthand account of the war and its impact on Spanish society.

Jose Martin Blasquez

Spanish historian who focused on the Spanish Civil War and its historical context. His perspective is likely influenced by Spanish historiography.

Vincent Rojo

Spanish historian and author known for his work on the Spanish Civil War. His perspective may provide insights into the impact of the war on the cultural and artistic landscape of Spain.