E109 Physiology

ephithielium

barrier between cellular lumen (environment) and cell interior

blood

least rigid connective tissue, composed of WBCs, RBCs, cell fragments (platelets), and liquid matrix (plasma)

adipose tissue

Cushions and insulates, stores energy. Two types: ground fat (plays a role in thermodynamic insulation) and white fat.

Loose connective tissue

surrounds blood vessels and internal organs

cartilage

elastic tissue, absorbs shock 

dense connective tissue

regular: tendons (connects muscle to bone) and ligaments (connects bone to bone)

irregular: muscle and nerve sheaths

bone

most rigid connective tissue, structural support, organ protection, force transmission (without it, the muscles in the arm wouldn’t be enough to bend the arm)

Exchange epithelia

Found in lungs, lining of blood vessels

Transport epithelia

found in intestine, kidney, some exocrine glands

Ciliated epithelia

found in nose, trachea, upper airways and female reproductive tract

Protective epithelia

found in skin and lining of cavities open to environment. In skin, cells are anchored to basal lamina by hemidesmosomes. 

Secretory epithelia

found in cells that secrete chemicals such as mucus and hormones

Na+ K+ ATPase

primary active transport: uses ATP to move Na+ and K+ against concentration gradients

Na+ glucose symporter

secondary active transport: uses Na+ gradient to transport glucose

GLUT transporter

facilitated diffusion: transports glucose via facilitated diffusion