World History Midterm

believed that direct democracy was the best form of government

Rousseau

Believed in religious toleration and freedom of speech, “ I may not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend your right to say it

Voltaire

Believed that an absolute monarchy was the best form of gov because people are naturally selfish and cruel

Hobbes

Believed that to be necessary for government power to be divided among separate branches, “Power should be a check to power”

Montesquie

Believed that natural laws existed within the economy and the government should not interfere or else it would throw off those natural laws

Adam Smith

Believed that women’s education should be equal to that of men

Wollstonecraft

believed that torture should be abolished and that laws exist to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes; people should have speedy, fair trials

Beccaria

Believed that people are born with certain right such as life, liberty and property and that the purpose of government is to protect those rights.

Locke

Name for social thinkers of the Enlightenment

Philosophes

Hobbes theory that people agree to limit their rights and create a government to protect the people from one another

Social Contract

A new intellectual movement of the 18th century that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

Enlightenment

this word means to focus on this world rather than the spiritual world

Secular

Which of the following was not a main idea of the enlightenment?

Authoritarianism

Which of the following men contradicted the ideas of the U.S constitution

Hobbes

How did the Declaration of independence embody Enlightenment ideals?

It said that people have right of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

This was the center of the Enlightenment; people met in salons here

Paris, France

Which of the following was not a factor advancing the Enlightenment?

Enlightened despots

the philosophes generally included all the following except

the rural lower classes

the intellectuals of the enlightenment advocated the

use of the scientific method and reason to foster progress towards a better society

She was the disliked queen of France whose nickname was “Madame Deficit”

Marie Antoinette

People swore to continue meeting until they created a new constitution for France.

Tennis Court Oath

He was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety

Maximillieum Robespierre

The national assembly created this new form of government for France

Constitutional monarchy

The killing of thousands of prisoners in a single month because Frenchman feared the incoming foreign troops would free them

September Massacres

The name for the social and political system that existed in France before the revolution

Old Regime

This was the name for the “True Frenchman”; they were radical and led to the september massacres

sans-culottes

The legislative assembly declared war on this country

Austria

The new government after the Reign of Terror which was overthrown by Napoleon

Directory

This name refers to the panic in the countryside that helped spread the rebellion after the fall of the Bastille.

Great Fear

Who was the king during the first stage of the revolution

Louis XVI

Although the storming if the bastille is celebrated as the “start of the French Revolution”, what was the official first act of revolution?

Third Estate declaring itself the National Assembly

In Frances old older, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeosie?

Wealthy merchants, lawyers and professionals

The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to

Move to Paris; sign the Declaration of Rights

Why did Louis XVI call the meeting of the Estates General in 1789?

The French government was nearly bankrupt

The Declaration of the rights of man and citizen guaranteed

Security of property

Which of the following changed during the dechristianization of France

The calendar-year,months and days

The national assembly’s efforts to reorganize the Catholic church resulted in

Peasants no longer supporting the revolution

Louis’s attempted escape to Austria changed the course of the Revolution because it

Gave growth to the radicals

Who were the most vocal supporters of the French Revolution

Bourgeoise

Which goal was NOT stated in the “slogan of the Revolution

Justice

Why was the committee of public safety established?

To combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion

During the reign of terror, who was safe from the guillotine

No one

About what percentage of France’s population belonged to the Third Estate?

97

What issue arose after the king called the Estates-General to meet?

How many votes each estate would get

This was invented to further humane goals, though often used in contradiction to such goals

Guillotine

In the early stage of the Revolution. most members of the Third Estate advocated for

A limited constitutional monarchy

these were the reactionaries who fled France in hopes that when they returned the Revolution would be overturned

Emigres

Which of the following is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the years leading up to the French Revolution?

The members of the Third Estate paid almost all of the taxes

Arthur Young describes in his diary the following complaints amoung Frenchman EXCEPT

Marie-Antoinette exclaiming “ Let them eat cake”

The seizure of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 was important because it

represented a sucessful attack on the old regime and saved the national assembly

Other European contries

Were fearful that revolutionary ideas would spread

Which order of the government is correct

absolute monarchy, Legislative Assembly, national convention, Directory

This monarch was restored to power after the defeat of napoleon

Louis XVIII

By aiming at establishing legitimacy (the old ways) and a traditional balance of power, participants in the Congress of Vienna were advocates of the ideology known as

Conservatism

Napoleon created the Continental System

To hurt the British because he couldn’t invade Britain

Choose the correct order of the chronological events:

Battle of Leipzig-Exile to Elba-Hundred Days- Battle of Waterloo

The “Hundred days” refers to

Napoleon’s last bid for power

Napoleon based his popularity on

His reputation and people’s imagination

Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by

Seizing power in a coup d’etat

Napoleon was ultimately defeated because of

The survival of Great Britain and nationalism

What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in Russia

Scorching-earth policy

This battle represented Napoleon’s final defeat

Waterloo

Which of the following traits did Napoleon NOT possess

Modesty

What does the word plebiscite mean?

A vote of the people

Which of the following was not achieved during the regime of Napoleon?

The legal position of women was strengthened

What was one important effect resulting from the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna

Nationalistic feelings grew in countries place under foreign rule

The most ironic aspect of NApoleon’s rule in France was that

It was more autocratic than that of Louis XVI

In her memoirs, Madame de Remusat writes that Napoleon was so appealing because the people believed that

He would put an end to the chaos of the time period

The congress of Vienna in 1815

Attempted to avoid future wars by establishing a balance of power

Why did Napoleon attack Portugal?

to enforce the terms of the continental system

Napoleon made a concordat with the Pope which

Restored Catholicism as the major religion in France but made the Pope subordinate.

the basic purpose of the Concert of Europe was to

Maintain conservative political control over Europe by putting the revolution

Napoleon’s final place of residence (last place where he’s exiled)

St. Helena

Fighting system in Spain that used hit and run tactics

geurilla

The term for restoring ruling families to their thrones after Napoleon’s defeat

Legitimacy

Conflict in which Spanish rebels (1808-1813) fought to drive Napoleon’s French troops out of spain

Peninsular war

This is what Napoleon used to disperse royalists who threatened the National Convention

“ a whiff of grapeshot”

A revolution in this country encouraged Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory

Haiti

Napoleon considered this to be his greatest achievement

Napoleonic code

There were public schools created by Napoleon

lycees

The loss in this battle assured for Napoleon that the British that had the strongest Navy and that it would not be possible to invade

Battle of Trafalgar

What force did napoleon underestimate as he tried to “liberate” other countries?

nationalism

This is the idea that people should be loyal to their nation, rather than to their king

nationalism

This german phrase is used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism

real-politik

The eastern Question concerned the fate of this empire

The ottoman empire

During the age of revolutions, this country was the only one to have a successful revolution.

Haiti

this was the term for forced assimilation in Russia; meant to unify the empire, it actually led to an increase in ethnic nationalistic feelings

Russification

He was most responsible for the birth of Germany

Otto von Bismarck

These regional strongmen came to power in latin american countries; they ruled by military force and were supported by the elites due to difficulties of nation building.

caudillos

A closely knit group of people who share a common culture, but not a common territory is known as a

Nation

Which of the following was probably not influenced by nationalism during the 1800’s

Groups accepting long established-form of government

Which of the following is not considered a bond which holds a nation-state together?

Discrimination

bismarck’s success in unifying Germany while defying Prussia’s parliament suggests

Nationalism was stronger than liberalism

The liberators of Venezuela and Argentina were

Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin