restoration of Charles III 1658-1660

What are they key 5 factors ?

Failure of the republic, divisions in NMA, general monck, roles of Charles II, convention of parliament

What was the failure of the republic ?

Every political experinvce experiment 1649-59 fails

Examples ?

Rump falls out with army

Barebones - too radical and falls out with army

Protectorate - falls apart due to Cromwell death as R. Cromwell couldn’t control army

Return of the army - fails bc of dispute with NMA

What were the division in the NMA ?

Civilianisers led by G.Monck want to bring NMA under P’s control - in scotlands with 10,000 men

NMA old guard led by john Lambery wanted to preserve NMA authority - in London with 14,000 men

What was general Monck role ?

Marches south from Scotland, no battle Lamberts army disintegrates, allies with Fairfax (leading general and. First commander in chief of NMA), destroys Lamberts NMA, restores P’s air through

What else did he do ?

Advised Charles to realise a document called declaration of BReda

Whats did Charles 11 do ?

Declaration of Breda appeals to all groups

What role did the convention of parliament April - may 1660 play?

Elections - pro royalist parliament, P restores monarchy

What did R. Cromwell do between 1642-1646 ?

Served in P army but no significant military position

What did he do in 1654 ?

Elected MP for Hampshire in first protectorate P

What did he do in 1656-58 ?

Sat as MP for Cambridge uni

What strengths did he have ?

Some political experience, eldest son and chosen heir so some respect

What weaknesses did he have ?

Not a NMA man so lacks authority over the army, lacks a social base - no clear religious position

What did Richard Cromwell do as lord protector September 58-may 59 ?

In a diccicfult position as he inherited the entrenched position of the army in politics

What happened in Jan 1659 ?

3rd protectorate P broad and moderate set of MPs

What was there agenda ?

To reduce influence of army

What happened in the early part of 1659 ?

R.c allowed P to continue its civiliansing agenda

What did parliament do ?

Took measure to restrict religious toleration and army’s freedom in political activity, attempted to abolishing the other house and building a momentum to reduce influence of army

What was the conspiratorial group of NMA ?

Wallingford house faction, fleetwood, lambert and desborough decided P was becoming too threading to the army

What happened 23 April 59 ?

Faction forcibly closed P and forced dissolution, army wanted to keep R.C as Lord protectors as a mere puppet

When did RC resign ?

7th May