The Appendicular skeleton KINS207

4 components of the appendicular skeleton

1. Pectoral girdle

2. Upper limbs

3. Pelvic girdle

4. Lower limbs

Components of the pelvic girdle

Clavicle - articulates with the manubrium. of the sternum. Allows for the transfer of weight.

Scapula - positions the shoulder and maximizes range of motion.

Ligaments of the pectoral girdle

1. Sternoclavicular ligament - connects the clavicle to the manubrium (anteriorly and posteriorly)

2. Interclavicular ligament - Interconnects the clavicles in the jugular notch area

3. Costoclavicular ligament - Extends from the clavicle to the first rib.

Process of the scapula (2)

Coracoid process - Origin for short head biceps brachii

Acromion process - Attachment point of the trapezius, articulates with the clavicle

The upper limb components

Humerus, Unla, Radius, Carpal bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges

The forearm components

Radius (most lateral in anatomical position)

• Disc shaped head of the radius pivots in the capitulum of the humerus

• Pronation - The radius crosses OVER the ulna

• Supination - Rotating the bones so they are back in the anatomical position

Ulna (most medial in anatomical position)

• The trochlea notch pivots on the trochlea of the humerus

• The head of the radius pivots on the radial notch of the ulna (radio-ulnar joint)

The carpal bones 

“So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb”

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform, Hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

Metacarpals

5 metacarpals labelling 1-5 in latin numerals

Latin numeral '1’ is the pollen and moves medially

Phalanges (14)

You have proximal, medial, and distal phalanges

the pollex only has 2 phalanges (proximal and distal), the other digits have 3

The pelvic girdle components

The bowl “ring” has two coxal bones, a sacrum, and the coccyx 

Can be subdivided into “true” pelvis and “false” pelvis 

Lesser “false” pelvis

Area inferior to the iliopectineal line

The pelvic brim is the bony edge of the lesser pelvis

Lower limb components

Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsal bones, Metatarsals, and phalanges

The Femur characteristics

largest sesamoid bone. Strengthens the quadriceps, protects the knee joint, anatomical pulley. The anterior surface is rough and the posterior surface is concave.

Tibia characteristics 

Larger (medial) bone.  Articulates with the femur at the knee joint.

1. Lateral tibial condyle - facet for articulating with fibula

2. Large medial mallolus - inferior surface hinge joint with talus

Fibula characteristics

Head articulates with the lateral tibial condyle. Has an interosseous membrane just like the forearm.

Tarsal components

Talus, Calceneous, Navicular, Cuboid, and Cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, and lateral)

Talus

Second largest in the foot, transfers weight of there body from the tibia anteriorly towards the toes

Calcaneus

Heel bone, largest. the pelvis transmits weight; rough, knob shaped projection

Navicular

Medial side, articulates with the talus

Cubiod

Articulates with calcaneus

Cuneiform bones

Wedge shaped and arranged in a row 

Metatarsals

Arranged 1-5 in roman numerals

Roman numeral ‘1’ Is associated with the hallux and moves laterally

Phalanges

14 Phalanges in each foot

Hallux only has 2 (Proximal and distal)

Arches of the foot 

Longitudinal arch (aids in weight transfer)

Transverse arch (change in degree of curvature from medial to lateral)