Kin 220 msu exam 1

Bloodborne Pathogens

Transmitted through contact with blood or other bodily fluids

Infectious Disease

Invasion of a host by a microorganism

Direct Transmission

Person A to Person B by physical touch or droplet spread

Indirect Transmission

There is an intermediate object

Airborne transmission

sharing with infected people

Vehicle-borne transmission

water, razor, towels, food, clothing, utensils

Vector transmission

insects, birds, or animals

5 stages of Pathogen Infection

Incubation, prodromal, acute, decline, recovery

Incubation

lasts from the time a pathogen enters the body until it multiplies to the point where signs and symptoms of a disease begin to appear

Prodromal

Variety of signs and symptoms begin to appear

Acute

The disease reaches its greatest development, peak

Decline

First signs of recovery, a patient can relapse

Recovery

Patient is vulnerable to other sicknesses, but is reecovered

Immunity

When the immune system eliminates the effects of an invading antigen, it is primed to response quickly and effectively if the same antigens reappear.

Antigen

Any substance the immune system recognizes as foreign or harmful

Antibody

Protein produced in response to antigen detection

innate immuntiy

Antigen result in the production of antibody to fight back

Vaccinations

Body is exposed to weakened pathogens through injections to provide immediate protection until the body can develop nautral immunity

Antibiotics

Drugs that can be used to kill bacteria

Bloodborne Pathogen modes of transmission

Human blood, semen, vaginal secretion, cerebrospinal fluids, synovial fluid

HBV (Hepititas B virus) results

lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer or failure, death

HBV is spread through

Having unprotected sex with infected person, sharing needles, but it is not spread through food or causual contact

HBV signs and symptoms

flu like, fatigue, weakness, abdominal pain, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, dark urine, jaundice

HCV

transmitted through blood

HCV signs and symptoms

Jaundice, mild abdominal pain in upper right quadrant, loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, muscle or joint pain, and dark urine

HCV is spread through

Blood, rarely sexual contact and not by causal contact or food and water

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Gloves, eyewear, gown

High risk procedures for healthcare professionals

Disposal of contaminated blades, needles, and other sharp objects, caring for open wounds, and handling of blood

Disinfectants

1 part bleach and 10 part water, separate bag for contaminated cloth items, transport in red biohazard bag, wash contaminated items in HOT water for 25 minutes

If exposed to a bloodborne pathogen

complete a confidential medical exam, wash area immediately, report, immediate medical evaluation, identify the source, blood test

What type of virus is HIV?

A retrovirus

What does HIV do to the RNA of a host cell?

Changes it to DNA replica

How does HIV affect the immune system?

It decreases the effectiveness of the immune system

How is HIV transmitted?

Through blood and sexual contact

HIV signs and symptoms

Constant fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, persistent fever, muscle and joint pain, painful or swollen glands, sore throat, persistent rash of unknown orgin

Duty to act

while on the job, you have a legal responsibility to act in an emergency. Failure to adhere to this duty could result in legal action.

Liability

The state of being legally responsible for the harm one causes another person

Malpractice

A liability where there is an unfavorable outcome of patient-practitioner interaction

Standard of Care

The level of duty that is owed to the patient and the level of medical sophistication and competency that must be demonstrated

Standard of care is required to

communicate proper information and warnings to help prevent injuries, recognize someone in need of care, attempt to rescue those needing assistance, and provide emergency care according to your level of training

negligence

The failure to use ordinary or reasonable care

Negligence includes

Failing to control or stop any behaviors that could result in further harm or injury, failure to provide care, providing inappropriate care, providing care beyond the scope of practice or level of training

Torts

Legal wrongs committed against the person or property of another

Nonfeasance

when an individual fails to perform a legal duty

Malfeasance

When an individual commits an act that is not legally theirs to perform

Misfeasance

When an individual improperly does something that they have the legal right to do

Proving negligence

Duty of care, breach of duty, causation, damage

Good Samaritan Laws

Those who come to the aid of an injured person and act within their standard of care are immune from actions for damage

Sovereign or Governmental Immunity

Governmental units (public colleges/universities, secondary schools, local, state, or federal employees) may give the healthcare provider governmental immunity and they may not be sued if they are found liable for actions.

Statue of limitation

State laws that set length of time that persons may sue for damages under either negligence or medical malpractice laws.

Assumption of risk

Athlete is made aware of inherent risks involved in sport and voluntarily decides to continue participating