Medical terminology - Chapter 11

A proctologist treats disorders of the stomach and intenstines. True or false?

false

A colostomy is a way for waste to leave the body form the ileum. True or false?

false

Diverticulosis is a disorder in which small pouches form off the intestinal or colon wall. True or false?

true

Removal of the gallbladder is known as cholelithotripsy. True or false?

false

Inflammation of the liver is hepatitis. True or false?

true

Polyposis is formation of growths that intrude into the colon. True or false?

true

A signoidoscope enables the identification of gallstones. True or false?

false

A rectocele is part of the rectum pushing forward into the vagina in women. True or false?

true

An x-ray record of the bile ducts is known as a cholecystogram. True or false?

false

Cancer of the colon and rectum is called colorectal cancer. True or false?

true

Inflammation of the entire intestine is ___.

enteritis

Stomach pain can be charted medically as ___.

gastralgia

The tern ___ is used when a person has difficulty swallowing.

dysphagia

When a patient vomits blood, it is charted as ___.

hematemesis

A feeding tube into the stomach is known as a ___ tube.

gastrostomy

Waste leaves the body through an ___ when the colon is removed.

ileostomy

Repair of the esophagus is called ___.

esophagoplasty

Cutting into the abdomen is known as a ___.

laparotomy

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines is known as ___.

gastroenteritis

The term ___ is a medical term for difficult digestion.

dyspepsia

An inability to swallow is called ___.

aphagia

Simple heartburn to swallow is called ___.

esophagitis

An appendectomy removes the appendix from the ___.

cecum

A significant accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is known as ___.

ascites

Which of the following terns means condition of a stone in the common bile duct?

• choledocholithotripsy

• cholelithiasis

• choledocholithiasis

• cholecytitis

choledocholithiasis

Cirrhosis can be defined as which of the following?

chronic liver disease

When a person has a surgically-created opening in the color through which to pass feces, that person has ___.

a colostomy

Chohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the ___.

ileum

Pouches that protrude outward from the colon are characteristic of which of the following?

• hemorrhoids

• volvulus

• intussusception

• diverticulitis

diverticulitis

What is the definition of esophageal atresia?

no connection of esophagus to stomach

What is the term for stomach pain?

gastralgia

What is meant by the term ileus?

bloackage or lack of intestinal movement

Melena can be defined as ___.

very dark, tarry stools

Peptic ulcer disease can be defined as ___.

a craterlike erosion on the stomach lining

What is meant by the term vovulus?

a bowel that is twisted

A person who suffers from stomach acid backing up into the esophagus has ___.

GERD

What is the definition of laparotomy?

incision into the abdomen

What is the title of a physician who specializes in the rectum and anus?

protologist

What is the definitoin of hematemesis is ___.

vomiting blood

___ occurs when one section of the intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine.

Intussusception

The ___ recieves undigested food from the small intestine and allows for water to be reabsorbed into the body.

colon

What is an instrument to visually examine the abdomen?

laparoscope

Gastric bypass is a surgical treatment for obesity. The combining form gastr/o means ___.

stomach

What acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and muxu in stools is usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection?

dysentery

gastrodynia and gastralgia both mean ___.

stomach pain

Peptic ulcers may occur in the mucous membrane of the lower esophagus, stomach, and/or ___.

duodenum

Jaundice is yellow-colored skin and whites of eyes; it is associated with disesae of the ___.

liver

What does the prefic in the term polyphagia mean?

many

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder and aids in fat digestion. What combining form means bile?

chol/e

The study of the rectum and anus is termed ___.

proctology

Hepatic means ___.

pertaining to the liver

A clinical lab test for the presence of small amounts of blood in the feces is ___.

FOBT

A UGI uses barium as a cintrast medium for X-ray examination of the ___.

esophagus and stomach

The process of visually examining the colon is called ___.

colonoscopy

Gallbladder inflammation is called ___.

cholecystitis

Which organ produces digestive enzymes that aid in food digestion?

pancreas

The surgical removal of the gallbladder is called ___.

cholecystectomy

___ is disturbed functioning of the bowel that is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea and is often associated wit stress; also called spastic colon.

IBS

A record of the gallbladder is a ___.

cholecystogram

In the term enteric, what does the combining form mean?

intestine

A watery mixture of food and acid in the stomach is referred to as ___.

chyme

What is the combining form for the abdomen?

lapar/o

What term means stomach and intestine inflammation?

gastroenteritis

An upper GI series is referred to as a ___.

barium swallow

What is the meaning of the suffix -ptosis?

drooping

Tom had gastric bypass surgery to assist in weight loss. Gastric bypass surgery creates a ___ that emties into the duodenum.

gastric pouch

The combining for chol/e means

bile

Proct/o is the combining form meaning

rectum and anus

The latin word alimentum means ___.

nourishment

What procedure is the surgical crushing of gallstones?

cholelithotripsy

What is the abnormal condition of having diverticula?

diverticulosis

The combining form for the signoid colon is ___.

sigmoid/o

Antacid

medication used to neutralize stomach acids

Antidiarrheal

medication used to control diarrhea

Antiemetic

medication to treat nausea, vmiting, and motion sickness

-emetic

pertaining to vomiting

Ascites

accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity

Bariatric surgery

group of surgical procedures designed to treat extreme obesity by reducing the size of the stomach or diverting food from passing through a portion of the GI tract

bar/o

weight

-iatric

medical specialty

Barium enema (BE)

X-ray examination of large intestine using barium as contrast medium; also known as lower GI series

Cirrhosis

chronic lover disease

-osis

abnormal condition

Colorectal cancer

cancerous tumor originating in the lining of the colon or rectum

Col/o

colon

Rect/o

rectum

-al

pertaining to

Constipation

difficulty passing a bowel movement (BM) or infrequent bowel movements

Crohn’s disease

chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with mucous membrane ulcers; most often found in ileum; also called regional ileitis

Diarrhea

passing frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements

-rrhea

discharge

Dysentery

acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stool; usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection

dys-

abnormal

enter/o

intestine

Esophageal atresia

congenital lack of the connection between esophagus and stomach; food cannot enter stomach

-eal

pertaining to

Esophageal varices

Varicose veins in esophagus; result in massive bleeding if rupture

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test

Gastric banding

one type of bariatric surgery; a restrictive band (commonly called a lap-band) is placed around the stomach; prevents stomach from expanding to hold a large amount of food, leading to smaller meals

Gastr/o

stomach