Psych 305 Exam 2 Anxiety, OCD, Trauma, Bipolar, and Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

Q: What is the difference between fear and anxiety?

Fear is an immediate, present-oriented response to a real threat; anxiety is a future-oriented state of apprehension about potential threats.

Q: What are the major symptom criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Excessive worry occurring most days for 6+ months, difficult to control, with symptoms like restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances.

Q: What distinguishes a panic attack from Panic Disorder?

A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort with physical symptoms; Panic Disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks plus persistent worry or behavioral changes to avoid them.

Q: What are common types of specific phobias?

Animals, natural environments (heights, storms), blood-injection-injury, situational (e.g., flying, elevators, enclosed spaces).

Q: What are key factors in the multipath model for anxiety disorders?

Biological (genetics, neurotransmitters like GABA, serotonin), Psychological (cognitive distortions, intolerance of uncertainty), Sociocultural (life stressors, cultural expectations), Social (modeling, parental factors).

Q: What is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy for OCD?

A therapy involving exposure to obsession triggers while preventing compulsions, reducing anxiety through habituation and breaking the negative reinforcement cycle.

Q: What differentiates PTSD from Acute Stress Disorder?

PTSD symptoms persist for more than one month; Acute Stress Disorder symptoms occur within 3 days to 1 month after a trauma.

Q: What are the main treatments for PTSD?

Biological: SSRIs. Psychosocial: Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).

Q: Manic episode

at least 1 week, severe enough to impair functioning or require hospitalization.

Q: Hypomanic episode

at least 4 days, noticeable change but not severe enough to cause marked impairment.

Q: What is rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?

Having four or more mood episodes (manic, hypomanic, or depressive) in a 12-month period.

Q: positive symptoms in schizophrenia

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking.

Q: negative symptoms in schizophrenia

flat affect, social withdrawal, anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure), avolition (inability to engage in goal-related behaviors).

Q: What is the prodrome in schizophrenia?

Early signs and symptoms (social withdrawal, odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences, functional decline) that occur before the onset of full psychosis.