when evolution is not occurring: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

pls refer to textbook to see examples/practice work

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

special case where a population is in stases, or not evolving

hardy-weinberg conditions

1. no mutations

2. no gene flow

3. no genetic drift

4. no natural selection (traits dont have (dis)advantage)

5. random mating

hardy-weinberg equilibrium equation #1

p + q = 1

• p = frequency of allele 1 (often the dominant allele)

• q = frequency of allele 2 (often the recessive)

• population always adds up to 1 if popuatlion is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium

hardy-weinberg equilibrium equation #2

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

• p² & q² represent the frequency of 2 homozygous conditions (AA & aa)

• frequency of heterozygotes is pq+qp aka 2pq (Aa & aA)

• p² represents the homozygous dominant condition, vice versa

always calculate dominant or recessive first?

HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE (q) bc u dk if its homozygous or heterozygous for dominant (AA/Aa = same phenotype)