Infectious Disease Quiz 12

Trichomoniasis

Infection caused by a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas Vaginalis (TV); The single-celled parasite can be passed from partner to partner by direct genetical contact; Much more common than bacterial infections

Most Common Non-Viral STI

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis causes more than ____ Infections per year in the US and more than ___ cases worldwide

7 million; 180 million 

Symptoms of Trichomoniasis in Women

Irritation and itching of vagina/surrounding area; Froth/colored vaginal discharge; May negatively affect the outcome of a pregnancy

Symptoms of Trichomoniasis in Men

Most men don’t have symptoms, or only experience mild symptoms; Discharge; Pain while urinating 

What is larger in Trichomoniasis, Chlamydia, and Gonorrhea, Incidence or Prevalence?

Incidence is greater; Curable

What is larger in HPV, Herpes, and HIV, Incidence or Prevalence?

Prevalence; Not curable

HPV

Human Papillomavirus; Very common virus; Most don’t lead to cancer, but some types of HPV infections cause cancer; The younger you are, the more likely you are to have HPV

Nearly ___ people are currently infected with HPV in the US

80 million (1 in 4)

Types of HPV

Over 190 different varieties exist; 30-40 are genital types; Types 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancer cases; Types 6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts cases

HPV Prevention

Get the HPV vaccine; Vaccination can prevent about 92% of HPV-attributable cancers in the future; Practice safer sex; Protect your partner; Get screened and tested regularly 

HIV

Affects cells that affect other cells in the immune response; Virus gets into helper T cells and replicates/takes over host machinery; When the virus leaves the cell, it can destroy or damage it 

HIV → AIDS Transition

CDC definition of when HIV is classified as AIDS is when CD4+ helper T cell count gets below 200 cells/mm³ (quantitative measurement; clinical definition of AIDS)

AIDS

HIV affects nearly every organ system; Respiratory (pneumocystic pneumonia, TB), Gastrointestinal (esophagitis, diarrhea), Neurological (meningitis, encephalitis, progressive multifocal, leukoencephalopathy, mania, AIDS dementia complex), Tumors (Epstein barr virus, kaposis sarcoma, HPV); Miscellaneous (CMV retinitis leading to blindness) 

Main Symptoms of AIDS

Encephalitis, Meningitis, Retinitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Tuberculosis (multiple organs), Tumors, Esophagitis, Chronic diarrhea, and Tumors

Hepatitis B

Used to be commonly spread through infusions, but now is more detectable prior to this; Can be acquired through shared needles

Herpes Simplex-1

Upper body; Encephalitis (15% mortality), Keratitis (leading cause of blindness), and Cold sores (most common presentation); Can infect the genital tract; Highly contagious, which is common and endemic worldwide; Most infections are acquired during childhood; Can affect both oral and genital regions in men and women; Infection is always lifelong; No cure 

___% of people in the US are infected with HSV-1, and ____ people worldwide are infected 

50%, 3.7 billion 

Cutaneous Dissemination

More severe herpes simplex-1; Spreads to upper or even lower extremities

Herpes Simplex 2

Lower body; Genitals and anal skin sites; Can infect the mouth; Main cause of genital herpes and almost exclusively sexually transmitted; Contracted by having sex with someone who has Herpes 2; Treatment only helps reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms

____% of people in the US between 14-19 are infected with HSV-2, and ____people worldwide are infected

15.5%, 417 million 

HSV-1 Symptoms

Pain and itching, Tender and enlarged lymph nodes, Painful blisters (cold sores) inside/around mouth and/or genitals; Goes through latency phase; Outbreaks may be preceded by symptoms of tingling, burning, or itching at the site of infection, and possible a fever and feeling run-down 

HSV-2 Symptoms 

Painful blisters that can affect the skin around the mouth, inside the mouth, and the genitalia; Pain when urinating; Outbreaks may be preceded by symptoms of tingling, burning, or itching at the site of infection, and possible a fever and feeling run-down

HSV-2 Prevention

Wash hands after touching any sore; Use condoms or latex barriers with every sexual encounter; When symptoms of an impending outbreak are noticed, avoid sexual activity until the outbreak is resolved