Genetic Recombination and Testing

A set of flashcards focusing on key terms and concepts related to genetic recombination, mapping, testing, and the associated ethical implications.

Genetic Recombination

The process where genetic material is exchanged between different chromosomes or different regions of the same chromosome.

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Telomere

The end segment of a chromosome that protects it from deterioration.

Crossover

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Chiasma

The point where two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

Genetic Mapping

A method used to determine the order of genes on a chromosome and the distance between them.

CentiMorgan (cM)

A unit of genetic distance representing a 1% probability of recombination during meiosis.

Recombinant DNA Technology

A technique that involves joining DNA segments from multiple sources.

Conjugation

A process in prokaryotes where genetic material is transferred between bacteria through direct contact.

Transformation

The uptake of naked DNA from the environment by an organism.

Transduction

The transfer of genetic material between bacteria through a bacteriophage.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that results in four gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Non-homologous Recombination

Recombination that occurs between DNA molecules that are not necessarily similar.

Site-specific Recombination

Recombination that occurs at specific sites in the genome.

Genetic Screening

Tests designed to identify genetic disorders or susceptibility to genetic conditions.

Carrier Testing

Testing individuals to determine if they carry a gene for a recessive genetic disorder.

Prenatal Diagnosis

Testing for genetic disorders before birth.

Newborn Screening

Testing performed on newborns to detect certain genetic disorders at an early stage.

Psychological Impact of Genetic Testing

The emotional effects individuals may experience after learning about their genetic predispositions.

Confidentiality in Genetic Testing

The obligation to keep genetic information private and not disclose it without consent.

Genetic Determinism

The belief that genes determine physical and behavioral traits, often misrepresented.

Ethical Issues in Genetics

Concerns related to privacy, consent, and commercial interests in genetic information.

Huntington's Disease

A hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor control and cognitive function.