Ch 4 ISP 205

A kilogram is a measure of an object's

mass

A has three times the mass of B. If identical forces are applied to the two objects, then:

the acceleration of B will be three times that of A.

Suppose you are on the Moon and you drop a 10-kilogram ball and a 1-kilogram ball at the same time. What will happen?

Both balls will reach the ground at the same time.

If you stood on a planet with four times the mass of Earth and twice Earth's radius, how much would you weigh?

The same as on Earth

Imagine Earth has an identical twin planet "Farth" that is twice as far from the Sun as Earth. The force of gravity between the Sun and Farth would be ___________ as the force of gravity between the Sun and Earth.

one-fourth as strong

Suppose the Sun suddenly shrunk, reducing its radius by a half (but keeping its mass the same). The force of gravity exerted on Earth by the Sun would

remain the same

If the sun became a white dwarf and lost no mass, the force of gravity exerted on Earth will

not change

A 2-kg ball is moving with a speed of 4 m/s, and a 4-kg ball is moving with a speed of 2 m/s. Which ball has more kinetic energy?

The 2-kg ball

A ball is dropped from a distance 5 m above the ground, and it hits the ground with a certain speed. If  the same ball is dropped from a distance 10 m above the ground, its final speed will be 

1.4x as high

2 satellites orbit Earth at different orbital distances. The satellite with the larger orbital distance has __________ than the one orbiting closer.

more potential energy and less kinetic energy

In priniciple, if an object could have a temperature of absolute zero (0 K), its __________ would be zero. 

thermal energy

Gas cloud contracts due to gravity. As the size of the cloud decreases, the temperature of the cloud

increases

A positron is a particle similar to an electron, but with the opposite charge of an electron. If a positron and an electron collide, the electron and positron are both destroyed (annihilated) with two photons created in the process. This is an example of

rest-mass energy being converted into radiative energy.

In a star’s core, three helium nuclei can fuse, forming one carbon nucleus, which has a slightly lower mass than the original three helium nuclei combined. This is a process in which

rest-mass energy is converted into other forms of energy.

Which has the largest acceleration?

asteroid and sun

Which object has the strongest gravitational force acting on the asteroid?

Sun

Which asteroid has the strongest gravitational force acting on the object on the right?

asteroid and sun

As the cloud collapses, the overall force of gravity that draws the cloud inward gradually becomes stronger because:

The strength of gravity follows an inverse square law with distance

As the cloud shrinks in size, its rate of rotation speeds up because

Its total angular momentum is conserved

As the cloud shrinks in size, its central temperature increases as a result of its:

gravitational potential energy being converted to thermal energy

Suppose that the Sun were to collapse from its current radius of about 700,000 km to a radius of only about 6000 km (about the radius of Earth). What would you expect to happen as a result?

A tremendous amount of gravitational potential energy would be converted into other forms of energy, and the Sun would spin much more rapidly.

Two asteroids are orbiting the Sun on nearly identical orbits, and they pass close to each other to have their orbits altered. If one of the asteroids ends up moving to an orbit that is closer to the Sun, what happens to the other asteroid?

It will end up on an orbit that is farther from the Sun.

2 balls that have different masses are dropped from the same height will what?

Take the same amount of time to reach the ground.