DCUSH Week 15

Border States

Slave states that did not secede

Conscription

enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces

Draft Substitutes

A $300 fee that people would pay for a substitute if they didn't want to participate in the war but they were drafted

Contrabands

Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War

Militia Act

1862 law that allowed African American soldiers to serve in the Union military

Clara Barton

Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross

Dorthea Dix

dedicated to improving conditions for the mentally ill. led movement to build new mental hospitals and improve existing ones

Susie King Taylor

although hired in the laundry, worked full time as a nurse on the battlefront with no pay or pension; not considered an official Union Army nurse

Mary Edwards Walker

The first woman army surgeon; received the Congressional Medal of Honor

Homestead Act

1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

Morill Land Grant Act

1862, this act gave public land to state governments to sell, the money was to be used to finance public education, this led to the formation of many state schools and colleges

Greenbacks

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver, value would fluctuate depending on status of the war

Confederate Inflation

Printed more bills because needed money, huge inflation, prices in south rose to 92 times as much by then end of the war

Ulysses S. Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877) achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the civil war

Sherman's March to the Sea

during the civil war, a devastating total war military campaign, led by union general William Tecumseh Sherman, involved marching 60,000 union troops through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah and destroying everything along their way

Appomattox Court House

small town in Virginia where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

Gettysburg Address

(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

was meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of civil war

Clement Vallandigham

An anti-war Democrat who criticized Lincoln as a dictator, called him "King Abraham", he was arrested and exiled to the South, prominent copperhead who was an ex-congressman from Ohio, demanded an end to the war, and was banished to the Confederacy

Union Advantages

1) population 2) wealth 3) industry

4) infrastructure 5) navy 6) lincoln

Confederate Advantages

1) defensive 2) better leadership 3) had slaves

Anaconda Plan

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

Battle of Antietam

battle in Maryland that ended Lee's first invasion of the North, was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate territories would be free

Juneteenth

June 19, 1865; the date slaves were declared free in Texas

United States Colored Troops

section of the union army for blacks to enlist after the Emancipation Proclamation; commanded by white officers

54th Massachusetts

first African American unit to fight a battle, to show the other soldiers that they could fight

Copperhead Democrats

Democrats in northern states who opposed the Civil War and argued for an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates; republicans labeled them "Copperheads," likening them to poisonous snakes

Battle of Vicksburg

1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win, 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North

War Weariness

states that have most recently experienced a significant, costly war are more peaceful in the aftermath because of the impact of those costs and experiences

Lincoln's abuse of the constitution

violated habeas corpus

NYC Draft Riots

riots that took place as a result of the uncustomary drafting done by the Union army, in July 1863, over 100 people died over a course of 4 days, lynched several African Americans and burned down Black businesses, homes and an orphanage, stopped by federal troops and is the bloodiest riot in American history

War Democrats

the name given to the faction of Democrats during the Civil War that patriotically supported the Lincoln administration

George B. McClellan

Union army commander appointed by Lincoln; was a great organizer; known for transforming inexperienced troops into an army of trained soldiers ready for battle

Election of 1864

Lincoln vs. McClellan, Lincoln wants to unite North and South, McClellan wants war to end if he's elected, citizens of North are sick of war so many vote for McClellan, Lincoln wins